臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討社區領導人與社區林業計畫滿意度相關因素。經相關文獻回顧之後，對於社區領導人本研究提出幾個可能具有解釋力的變項，包括「領導行為」、「人格特質」、「社區林業計畫認知」、「社區林業計畫滿意度」等，首先將各變項依據其假設關係建立「社區領導人與社區林業計畫滿意度之關聯模式」，進行結構方程模式檢驗；其次以領導行為、人格特質及基本資料之各變項，分析社區領導人的社區林業計畫滿意度。
本研究採問卷調查法，對象為參加林務局91年第一梯次至94年第一梯次社區林業計畫之社區領導人。線性結構分析結果顯示，整體的結構模式適合度良好，在變項的關係上，「領導行為」與「人格特質」有顯著正向影響社區領導人之「社區林業計畫認知」；而「社區林業計畫認知」與「人格特質」對於「社區林業計畫滿意度」有顯著性的正向影響；不過社區領導人之「領導行為」對「社區林業計畫滿意度」影響並不顯著。有關領導人的領導行為與人格特質經集群分析，分別命名為高溝通型與低溝通型兩群領導行為，以及高度、中度及低度性三群人格特質。至於滿意度分析之結果顯示，社區領導人對於社區林業計畫平均滿意度介於-0.1至-0.3之間，滿意度最高為第3題「您對社區林業計畫執行期間，林務機關配合程度」及第7題「您對社區林業計畫執行成果結報程序」，最低為第19題「計畫執行結果可與政府共同經營自然資源」。另從單因子變異數分析及Scheffe事後檢定顯示，社區領導人不同的年齡、居住地區、教育程度、領導年資、擔任理事長次數、計畫參與次數及是否為原住民部落之領導人，對於計畫滿意度呈顯著性差異。影響社區領導人對社區林業計畫滿意度的主要因素有外部關係、居民參與及資源保育等三個因素，外部關係缺口最小，資源保育缺口最大，而女性社區領導人對於居民參與滿意度缺口小於男性社區領導人，在年齡部分，31至40歲間社區領導人對於外部關係及資源保育構面兩項的滿意度高於40歲以下及60歲以上社區領導人，在學歷部分，教育程度高的社區領導人對於外部關係及資源保育的滿意度高。
本研究建議林務人員應主動走入社區，與社區領導人建立良好溝通平台，增加社區領導人對社區林業計畫認知以提升社區林業計畫滿意度；此外，社區領導人之社區林業計畫滿意度分析結果，也提供林務單位未來推動社區林業相關施政之參考。

This research discusses the structure relationship among community leadership, leader’s personality and performance for operating the project of community forestry. Based on literature review this research identifies factors affecting the structure and their related variables. Research data are collected from community leaders by questionnaire, whose community have involved in the projects of community forestry from 2002 to 2005.
The results show that the research model has well statistical fitness of the structural equation model. Additionally, leadership and personality have positive effects to perception on community forestry plans. Personality and perceptions on community forestry plans have positive effects on community forestry plan degree of satisfaction. Personality have positive effects on leadership. However, there is no significant evidence that leadership has positive effect on the performance implementing the projects. The results of cluster analysis show two types of leadership: high communication and low communication leadership and three types of personalities. The average degree of satisfaction is -0.1 to -0.3, the 3rd and 7th questions achieve highest scores, and the 19th question has lowest score. The study also shows there are significant mean differences of satisfaction on age, living area, education, year of leader, number of participation in plans, and leaders of aboriginal tribes. Public relationship, participation of residents and resource conservation are the main factors that affect satisfaction of leaders on forestry plans. Female leaders have higher satisfaction than male leaders, leaders with 30 to 40 years old have higher satisfaction on public relationship and resource conservation than those of leaders with 40-60 years old. Leaders with high education level have higher satisfaction on public relationship and resource conservation than those of leaders with lower education level.
It is suggested that Forestry Bureau should build well relations with community leaders to improve the performance of community forestry projects. And the results of the study can be a well base for improving the quality of community forestry.

摘要 I

Abstract III

誌謝V

目錄 VI

圖表目錄 XI

壹、前言1
一、研究動機1
二、研究目的2
三、研究限制3
四、研究流程3
(一)文獻探討3
(二)問卷調查3
(三)統計分析3
貳、文獻回顧6
一、社區定義6
二、社區林業8
(一)社區林與社區林業8
(二)世界社區林業施行概況10
(三)台灣社區林業施行概況13
三、林業經營認知17
四、社區領導19
(一)社區領導19
(二)領導行為21
五、人格特質.22
(一)定義及理論架構.22
(二)人格特質量測架構25
參、材料與方法.27
一、研究架構與研究假設27
二、操作型定義28
(一) 社區領導人28
(二) 領導行為28
(三) 人格特質29
(四) 社區林業計畫認知29
(五) 社區林業計畫滿意度30
三、問卷設計31
(一) 領導行為量表31
(二) 人格特質量表31
(三) 社區林業計畫認知量表32
(四) 社區林業計畫滿意度量表32
四、分析方法36
(一) 描述性統計36
(二) 因素分析36
(三) 信度分析36
(四) 效度分析37
(五) 多變量變異數分析37
(六) 單因子變異數分析39
(七) 結構方程模式39
(八) 線性結構關係式39
(九) 集群分析40
五、研究對象及抽樣41
肆、結果與討論42
一、描述性統計分析42
二、基本資料次數分配47
三、因素分析50
(一) 因素一：外部關係52
(二) 因素二：居民培力52
(三) 因素三：資源保育53
四、信度分析54
五、效度分析54
六、結構方程模式56
(一) 測量模型與驗證性因素分析56
(二) 研究結構模型契合度分析57
(三) 參數估計結果58
七、線性結構分析61
(一) 社區領導人之社區林業計畫認知63
(二) 社區領導人之社區林業計畫滿意度63
八、集群分析65
(一) 集群數65
(二) 各類集群領導行為及人格特質對社區林業計畫
滿意度比較66
九、社區林業計畫滿意度之差異分析69
(一) 性別71
(二) 年齡71
(三) 居住地區72
(四) 職業72
(五) 教育程度73
(六) 社區領導人年資73
(七) 擔任社區領導人次數74
(八) 社區參與計畫次數76
(九) 林務單位與社區內部滿意度76
(十) 原住民社區滿意度78
(十一) 不同林區管理處之滿意度80
(十二) 因素構面滿意度82
伍、結論與建議88
一、結論
(一) 社區領導人之領導行為、人格特質、社區林業計畫認知與
社區林業計畫滿意度關聯性88
(二) 社區林業計畫滿意度89
二、建議89
(一) 林務單位89
(二) 社區90
三、後續研究建議90
(一) 林業人員對於社區林業計畫認知研究90
(二) 村里長與社區協會理事長社區林業執行成效差別之探討91
(三) 不行性別社區領導人涉入程度研究91
(四) 原住民社區與平地社區領導人之社區林業計畫認知差異91
參考文獻92
附錄：研究問卷103















圖表目錄
圖1研究流程圖.................................................................................................5
圖2經營/利益於林業經營管理…....................................................................9
圖3研究假設模型...........................................................................................28
圖4測量模型各構面參數估計.......................................................................60
圖5結構模型參數估計...................................................................................62
表1不同觀點下的社區定義.............................................................................7
表2社區林業在開發中國家及已開發國家之比較........................................11
表3問卷各構面測量變項................................................................................33
表4問卷發放回收情形....................................................................................41
表5領導行為問項分析統計表........................................................................43
表6人格特質問項分析統計表........................................................................43
表7社區林業計畫認知問項分析統計表........................................................43
表8基本資料表................................................................................................49
表9 KMO and Bartlett's Test............................................................................50
表10社區林業計畫滿意度萃取因素.............................................................51
表11各量表構面Cronbach’s α信度分析表.................................................55
表12共變數矩陣表.........................................................................................57
表13模式契合度指標.....................................................................................58
表14測量模型參數估計表.............................................................................59
表15研究假說與實證結果.............................................................................62
表16領導行為在不同集群數的群內平均數.................................................65
表17人格特質在不同集群數的群內平均數.................................................66
表18領導行為兩集群樣本在社區林業計畫平均滿意度比較.....................67
表19人格特質三集群樣本在社區林業計畫平均滿意度比較.....................68
表20社區林業計畫滿意度分析.....................................................................70
表21性別差異於林務機關到實地提供專業訓練之滿意度比較.................71
表22年齡差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.........................................................72
表23居住地區差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.................................................72
表24職業差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.........................................................73
表25教育程度差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.................................................73
表26社區領導人年資差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.....................................74
表27社區領導人擔任次數差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.............................75
表28社區參與計畫次數差異於社區林業計畫滿意度.................................76
表29社區領導人對林務單位與社區內部滿意度差異分析.........................77
表30原住民社區社區林業計畫滿意度.........................................................79
表31不同林區管理處社區林業計畫滿意度差異之比較.............................81
表32滿意度期望與實際感受平均分數.........................................................83
表33各項人口統計變數對於社區林業計畫滿意度
之差異分析.............................................................................................84
表34性別差異對於社區林業計畫滿意度之敘述統計.................................84
表35年齡差異對於社區林業計畫滿意度之敘述統計.................................86
表36教育背景差異對於社區林業計畫滿意度之敘述統計….....................87

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