臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要以低溫快速萃取系統進行相關應用研究及分析，探討在真空微波加熱條件下，材料內部及外界溫度之變化，以及材料含水率與微波功率間之關係；另一方面，針對本系統萃取出之精油與蒸餾法所獲得之精油，進行相關之測定，以瞭解兩者之間精油成分與萃取量之不同，並藉由低壓來產生電漿，測試低壓電漿殺菌法於本研究中之可行性。
由實驗結果可知，當利用微波加熱材料時，材料中之水分由於真空低壓之影響，而使水分由材料內部向外界移動，且微波可穿透材料，直接對內部水分進行加熱；不但可大幅降低乾燥時間，並於低溫乾燥條件下保存材料之風味與外觀；在低溫快速萃取方面，獲得之精油與蒸餾法所得之精油比較，發現兩者之間並無顯著差異性，且可將萃取時間由90分鐘縮短為30分鐘；最後在低壓電漿殺菌實驗中，證實本實驗所產生之電漿可在1秒內將枯草桿菌由原先之170個存活菌落數快速降低至10個以下，並於180秒後完全滅菌，達到殺菌之效果。

This research mainly carries on relevant application and analysis of the low-temperature rapid extraction system. Discuss of the conditions under the vacuum microwave heating, the changes of temperature inside the material and chamber, as well as the relationship between material moisture content and the power of microwave; on the other hand, we have determined the essential oil which obtained from low temperature rapid extraction system and steam distillation, compared the variation of essential oil composition between two methods. Finally, this research utilized the plasma effect that induced by low pressure to test the feasibility of the plasma sterilization.
From the experimental result, when utilizing microwave to heat materials, the moisture in the material was influenced with the vacuum low-pressure, and make the moisture move to the external from the inside of the material, as well the microwave can pierce through the material, heat the inside moisture directly; not only can reduce the drying time substantially, but also keep the flavor and appearance of the material under the drying conditions on low temperature. In the low temperature rapid extraction, the essential oil obtained is compared with the steam distillation, find that has no obvious variation between the two, and reduce the extracting time from 90 minutes to 30 minutes; finally in the plasma sterilization experiment of low pressure, verify the plasma that produced from this experiment can reduce the colony forming units of bacillus from 170 to 10 rapidly in 1 s, and in the complete sterilization after 180 s, reach the result of disinfecting.

摘要…I
Abstract…II
誌謝…IV
Table of Contents…V
List of Tables…VIII
List of Figures…IX
Index of Symbol…XI
Chapter 1 Introduction…1
1.1 Background…1
1.2 Motivations…3
1.3 Literature Reviews…3
1.4 Thesis Arrangement…6
Chapter 2 Theoretical Analysis…7
2.1 Microwave Theory…7
2.1.1 Dipolar Polarization…9
2.1.2 Conduction Mechanism…10
2.1.3 Interfacial Polarization…10
2.1.4 Compared with Tradition Heating and Microwave Heating...11
2.2 Extraction Theory…13
2.2.1 Soxhlet Extraction…13
2.2.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)…15
2.2.3 Microwave-assisted Extraction (MAE)…16
2.3 Plasma Sterilization Mechanisms…19
Chapter 3 Microwave Power and Extraction Factors…21
3.1 Magnetron…21
3.2 Maxwell’s Equations…22
3.3 Plane Waves…24
3.4 Microwave power…25
3.5 The Influence Factor of the Extract Mechanism…26
3.5.1 Selection of Extraction Conditions…26
3.5.2 Selection of Operation Mode…27
3.5.2.1 Cross Current Operation…27
3.5.2.2 Counter Current Operation…30
Chapter 4 Experimental System…32
4.1 The Low Temperature Rapid Extraction System…32
4.1.1 The Microwave Generated Mechanism…34
4.1.2 The Vacuum Chamber and Pump…35
4.1.3 The Extraction and Cooler System…37
4.1.4 The Plasma Sterilization System…38
4.2 Materials and Methods…39
4.2.1 Plant Material…39
4.2.2 Microwave Drying System and Procedure…41
4.2.3 Gas Chromatography Identification…41
4.2.4 Plasma Sterilization Test…42
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion…43
5.1 The Phenomenon of Microwave Drying Experiment…43
5.1.1 Effect of Material Load on Drying Procedure…43
5.1.2 Effect of Microwave power…44
5.1.3 Variation in Temperature During the Microwave Drying…46
5.2 Microwave-assisted Extraction…46
5.2.1 Extraction Yield and Time…46
5.2.2 Composition of Essential Oil…47
5.3 The Effect of Plasma Sterilization…49
Chapter 6 Conclusions…52
Reference…54
Biosketch of Author…57

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