臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討密克羅尼西亞（FSM）Pohnpei州生產蔬菜之農業經營者之訓練需求以及如何設計訓練課程以增進業者之蔬菜產銷能力。農業在Pohnpei州仍然扮演相當重要的角色；特別是做為提供所得來源、糧食、就業機會、及其對傳統生活方式的貢獻。因此雖然與過去相較，其產值貢獻變得較低，但其重要性不容忽視。
根據 FSM於 2000年度的普查結果顯示，在總數38,000人的人口中，約有80%的人口生活在僅夠糊口或接近僅夠糊口的生活水準。 然而過去上自給自足的傳統糧食已由進口糧食取代，特別是過去認為屬於次級且營養或經濟價值不受肯定的水果與蔬菜類的進口日增。根據Pohnpei州2002的統計報告顯示糧食進口值達 $28.2 百萬元而其中水果與蔬菜約$1.4 百萬元。
在地進行商業化的蔬果生產活動具有很大的發展空間，特別是以進口為主的品項方面。當地產的蔬菜需求很大，但是當地的產量有限，且供給也不穩定。蔬菜的耕作需要專業知識與技能。持續提供農業經營者產銷訓練以穩定供貨以及增加生產力有其重要性。
本研究以問卷調查方式對FSM之Pohnpei 州生產蔬菜的農戶進行調查，以了解經營者現有的知識與技能以便設計適合的訓練課程以增進業者之生產力以所得。

This study was conducted in order to assess the training needs for vegetable farmers in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and to design appropriate training to improve vegetable production and marketing in Pohnpei. Agriculture still play an important role in Pohnpei, FSM because of its role in providing income, food, employment opportunities and including its important contribution to the traditional activities. Therefore, it remains important to the economy although the production is lower than the past times.
The FSM census 2000, indicated that out of the total population of 38,000, an estimated 80% depend on subsistence or semi-subsistence livelihood. However, traditional subsistence foods have been overwhelmingly replaced by imported foods and are regarded as inferior (“starchy foods”), and not fully recognized for their economic or nutritional value. Pohnpei, FSM 2002 statistics report indicated that food import totaled $28.2 million, of which about $1.4 million were fruits and vegetables.
There is a great potential for commercial production especially for those crops that are imported. The total amount of fruits and vegetables imported could be replaced by locally grown products. There is high demand for locally grown vegetables in the domestic market but the supply is inadequate and also inconsistent to meet the local demand, as shown in the appendix 3. Vegetable farming requires special knowledge and skills to be more productive. Continuous training in vegetable production and marketing is essential in order to stabilize or increase the productivity.
Therefore, in this study a survey was conducted with the vegetable farmers in Pohnpei, FSM to make and assessment on their knowledge and skills in production and marketing and to design appropriate training needs to increase their production as well as their income.

ABSTRACT in CHINESE I
ABSTRACT in ENGLISH III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
TABLE of CONTENTS VI
LIST of FIGURES IX
LIST of TABLES X
I. INTRODUCTION 1
1. 1 Background 1
1. 2 Constraints 4
1. 3 Importance and Opportunities 5
1. 4 Objectives 8
II. THEORETICAL BASIS and LITERITURE REVIEW 9
2. 1 Labor Supply & Productivity 9
2. 1. 1 Labor supply theory 9
2. 1. 2 Labor productivity theory 14
2. 2 Definition of Education and Training 19
2. 2. 1 Definition of education 19
2. 2. 2 Definition of training 20
2. 3 Research Methodology 22
2. 4 Measurement of the Key Variables 23
2. 4. 1 Fertilizer management 23
2. 4. 2 Pests management 25
2. 4. 3 Post-harvest handling 25
2. 4. 4 Pricing 26
2. 4. 5 Advertisement 26
2. 4. 6 Financial management 27
2. 5 Overview of Agriculture in Pohnpei, FSM 27
2. 5. 1 Geographical location 27
2. 5. 2 A brief history of Pohnpei, FSM 28
2. 5. 3 Agriculture in Pohnpei, FSM 30
III. METHODOLOGY 32
3. 1 Questionnaire Design 32
3. 2 Survey Method Flowchart 33
3. 3 Survey Design 34
3. 4 Questionnaire Administration 34
3. 5 Pohnpei Map with Farmer’s Location 35
3. 6 Data Analysis 36
3. 7 Research Limitation 36
IV. RESULTS and DISCUSSION 37
4. 1 Farmers Personal Information 37
4. 1. 1 Gender 37
4. 1. 2 Age group 37
4. 1. 3 Household sizes 38
4. 1. 4 Labor use 39
4. 1. 5 Income level 40
4. 1. 6 Educational background 40
4. 2 Farmer’s Production Practices 43
4. 2. 1 Farm size 43
4. 2. 2 Vegetable grown by farmers 45
4. 2. 3 Chemical fertilizer application 48
4. 2. 4 Organic fertilizer application 51
4. 2. 5 Pesticide management 53
4. 3 Farmer’s Marketing Technologies 55
4. 3. 1 Selling or marketing of vegetables 55
4. 3. 2 Is marketing a problem 60
4. 3. 3 Post-harvest handling 62
4. 3. 4 Pricing methods 64
4. 3. 5 Advertisement 66
4. 3. 6 Is training needed in marketing 68
4. 4 Farmers Financial Information 70
4. 4. 1 Capital investment 70
4. 4. 2 The essential financial information 70
V. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS 73
5. 1 Conclusions 73
5. 2 Recommendations 75
5. 3 Suggested for Future Research Studies 76
REFERENCES 77
LIST of APPENDICES 81
Appendix 1. Sample Survey Questionnaire 81
Appendix 2. Copy of Letter Send to the Farmers 86
Appendix 3. Import of Fruits and Vegetables (2000-2002) (USD) 87
Appendix 4. Domestic Sales of Fruits and Vegetables (1997-2001)(USD) 88
Appendix 5. Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Map 89
Appendix 6. Vegetable Farmers Photos 90
AUTHOR BIOSKETCH 92

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