臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中國對於國際智慧財產權建制的回應即在體系與國家利益之間的拉鋸戰。智慧財產權，一外來的概念，在革開放後，藉由外部與內部壓力開始對中國產生影響。本文欲分析中國在對外談判、相關法律變革與執行等面向，以探討國際規範與國家利益如何影響中國的智慧財產權行為。
分析內容將分為三個時期：一、1979-1990年，國家利益與國際規範相互作用：中國在智財議題上的對外行動與內部建設皆基於自我利益；中國需要智財體系以適應改革開放後的新經濟型態：吸引外資與技術轉移，同時保護國內新興工業。然而該時期欠缺充分證據證明中國服從國際智財體系。
二、1990-2000年，向妥協推進：中美談判主宰中國智慧財產的發展趨勢。美國為國際智財體系的霸權以及中國最大的貿易夥伴，對驅使中國智財的改革扮演重要的角色。中國領導深知外來投資對於維持經濟發展的必要性，同時考慮到專利出口產品的趨勢，對美國多作妥協。儘管如此，此時期的發展仍以立法改革居多，實質誘因不足故執行面尚乏。
三、2000年後，服從於國際體系之下：歷經九零年代的經驗，中國對於國際智財體系的態度漸趨積極，且立法亦更符合國際標準，意味對於國際相互依賴的提升。中國不但積極與TRIPS接軌，亦積極參與TRIPS的談判會議以影響政策制定；國內方面，更將智慧財產權置於國家高度的長期經濟發展的戰略規劃，並積極執行相關政策。然而，分析發現其智慧財產權的發展仍以國家利益為前提。
研究發現，國際智財體系在此二十餘年間，影響了中國的議題倡導與國家利益設定：以致力於知識經濟為發展目標。中國漸趨向以國際智財體系為依歸。然而，中央政府下達各級政府執行且貫徹政策的能力，將成為未來討論中國對國際智財體系之回應的觀察重點。

China’s behavior towards the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime is a reflection of the tug-of-war between regime and national interest. IPR, a concept foreign to Chinese culture, began to influence China following the reforms of 1978 through both external and internal pressures. This paper attempts to show how the power of international rules and national interests impacts China’s IPR behavior by analyzing its attitude towards IPR negotiations, trends related to its IPR legal framework and enforcement.
This analysis can be broken down into three different periods.
1. 1979-1990: Interaction between national interest and international norm. China’s action of both participating in the world IPR regime and the building of a domestic IPR system was to large extent motivated by self-interest. China needed a systematic IPR framework in place to meet its new economic conditions: attracting FDI and technology transfers while protecting indigenous infant industries. However, there is little evidence that China’s actions during this period showed compliance with the global IPR regime.
2. 1990-2000: Moving towards compromise. China’s negotiations with the United States dominated trends in its IPR reform and reoriented China’s national interests. As China’s largest trade partner and hegemon in the IPR issue area, the U.S. played a strong role in making Chinese IPR laws more transparent and aligned with the international standard. For sustaining economic development, China realized it needed to create an environment friendly to foreign investors and protect its growing export industry of patented products, and Chinese leaders therefore conceded to a large part of U.S.’s demands. Nonetheless, the reform mostly focused on the legal system while enforcement was overlooked, continuing the rampant IPR infringement.
3. 21st century: Compliance under the WTO regime. Through its experience in the 1990s, and its membership in the WTO, China’s IPR policies in the 21st century have become more proactive and globalized, implying that China is willing to accept higher degrees of interdependence. In this period, China has strived to conform to TRIPS (Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) and has tackled its enforcement problem with a number of practical administrative and judicial policies to help reassure foreign investors and a growing amount of local IPR holders of the security of their IP. In the end however, the analysis in this paper still shows that China’s current IPR protection policies still favor China’s national interests over the interests of the global IPR regime.
This paper finds that the global IPR regime has helped to influence a new agenda for the PRC: to pursue a knowldege-based economy as a development goal. China now intends to follow the rules of the global IPR regime. The central government''s capability of enforceing IPR policy at every level of government is an important benchmark in examining China''s response to the global IPR regime in the future.

Table of Content
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms
Tables and Figures
Executive Summary

Chapter I. Introduction….…………………………………………………………..9
Motivations and Research Objective……………………..………………………9
Analytic Framework…………………………………..…………………………12
Methodology…………………………………..…………………………………..17
Expectation………………………………………..………………………………18
Chapter II. Theoretical Framework: Regime and National Interest...………….21 Theory of Regime and Hegemony……………..………………………………...21
Regime and National Interest……………..……………………………………..26
State and Interdependence…………………………..……………………...…...28
Chapter III. China’s Perceptions of the Global IPR Regime..……….….……….33
Derivation of Intellectual Property Right (IPR)…………………..……………33
Controversy on IPR……..………..………………………………………………34
Rise of the Global IPR Regime………...…..……………...……………………..35
Difference of IPR Development between the West and the East………..….....40
China and the Global IPR Regime……..……………………………………….44
Chapter IV. 1979-1990: Interaction between National Interest and International Norm.………………………………………………………………………………...47
Economic Background……………………..…………………………………….47
China’s International Response…………..……………………………………..49
China’s IPR Legislative and Bureaucracy Framework………………..………52
Summary………………..………………………………………………………...54
Chapter V. 1990-2000: Moving towards Compromise……….………….……….55
External Change………………………………..………………………………...55
Copyright Problems and the Start of Mounting Foreign Pressure…………...56
Three Sino-U.S. Talks and Transition of China’s Response…………………..58
Domestic Factor…………………………...……………………………………...63
Summary…………………………………………………………………….……66
Chapter VI. 21st Century: Compliance under the WTO Regime…..……….…...69
China’s Effort to Implement TRIPS…………………..………………………..69
Remaining Problems…………………………………..…………………………74
China’s TRIPS Talks in the Post-WTO Era……………..……………………..76
Greater Ambition…………………………………………..…………………….78
Summary……………………..…………………………………………………...82
Chapter VII. Conclusion………………………………………………....…………83
Research Findings….………..…………………………………………………...83
Evaluation………………………..…………………………………………….…86
Appendix 1. A Brief Chronology of IPR Protection in China……………………90
Bibliography………………………………………..………………………………..92

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