臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一個在無線隨意網路中的群播路由協定，稱為可調整式群播路由協定。在無線隨意網路中的群播路由機制根據建構路徑的架構可以分成兩類，樹狀結構和網狀結構。在網狀結構的協定中，一個可靠性高的機制ODMRP被提出。ODMRP中的每個發送端都必須要週期性的廣播控制封包來建立路徑，藉以形成網狀結構。但ODMRP在發送端數目很多的情況下，控制封包會產生大量的額外負擔，且控制封包所造成大量的碰撞會使得可靠性降低。所以ODMRP並不適合運作在發送端數目很多的情況。我們針對ODMRP的缺點提出我們的方法，我們能根據目前網路上的封包接收比例，發送端以機率的方式來廣播控制封包。當擁塞和碰撞造成封包接收比例降低時，發送端盡可能不廣播控制封包，以避免造成更嚴重的碰撞發生。而當封包接收比例高時，發送端有較高的機率能夠廣播控制封包來建立可靠性高的網狀路徑。如此可以減少控制封包所產生的額外負擔並減少碰撞的發生，藉此大量的提高封包可靠性。在最後的模擬實驗結果中，我們提出的方法大幅的改進了ODMRP的效能。不但提高封包可靠性，也大量減少了額外負擔。

We propose a novel multicast routing protocol, called adaptive multicast routing protocol for MANETs (Mobile ad hoc routing protocol). Multicast routing protocols can be classified two types according the structure used to establish route. Existing protocols are either tree-based or mesh-based. In mesh-based routing protocols, a reliable protocol ODMRP was proposed. In ODMRP, each sender has to broadcast control packet periodically in order to build mesh. But with an increase of number of senders, control overhead causes reliability reduced because of a large amount of overhead and collisions. Hence, ODMRP is not work well in this case. We proposed our scheme to aim at the drawback of ODMRP. We use packet delivery ratio (PDR) to determine if the load of network is congestion. When packet delivery ratio is high, it means that the network traffic load is low, and vice versa. We determine whether a sender broadcasts Join-Query control packet or not according to packet delivery ratio. As packet delivery ratio is decrease, a sender does not broadcast Join-Query as far as it can in order to avoid collisions. However the packet delivery ratio is increase, senders have strong probability to broadcast Join-Query to establish mesh nodes. We can improve reliability and reduce overhead is caused by control packets with this way.

第一章 導論 1
1.1 簡介 (Introduction) 1
1.2 研究動機 (Motive) 3
1.3 論文架構 (Framework) 4
第二章 發展背景與相關研究 5
2.1 無線網路 (Wireless Networks) 5
2.1.1 無線網路上的議題 (Issues in Wireless Networks) 5
2.1.2 無線區域網路之架構 (Framework of WLAN) 6
2.2 相關研究 (Related Work) 8
2.2.1 Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP) 8
2.2.2 On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) 9
2.2.3 Multicast Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Protocol (MAODV) 11
2.2.4 Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol (AMRoute) 13
2.2.5 Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol Utilizing Increasing ID Numbers (AMRIS) 14
2.2.6 Flooding 16
2.2.7 各方法比較 (Comparison of Protocols) 17
第三章 提出的方法 19
3.1 計算封包接收比例 (Calculate Packet Delivery Ratio) 20
3.2 選出領導節點 (Leader Election) 22
3.3 群播路徑建立 (Multicast Routes Establishment) 24
3.4 網狀結構 (Mesh Formation) 28
3.5 減少路徑斷裂造成的影響 (Reduce Effect of Route Break) 29
3.6 離開群播群組 (Leave Multicast Group) 30
3.7 資料的傳送 (Data Delivery) 30
第四章 效能評估 31
4.1 模擬環境 (Simulation Environment) 31
4.2 評估準則 (Evaluation Metrics) 32
4.3 效能分析 (Performance Analysis) 33
4.3.1 發送端數目的影響(Effect of Number of Senders) 33
4.3.2 移動性的影響 (Effect of Mobility 36
4.3.3 傳輸負載的影響 (Effect of Traffic Load) 38
4.4 與其他協定比較 (Comparison With Other Protocols) 40
4.4.1 發送端數目的影響 (Effect of Number of Senders) 41
4.4.2 移動性的影響 (Effect of Mobility 44
4.4.3 傳輸負載的影響 (Effect of Traffic Load) 49
第五章 結論 53
參考文獻 54

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