臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究電力系統非線性共振問題，一般而言鐵磁共振較常發生於低壓的配電系統，尤其在比壓器發生之機率最高。近年來由於用電量大量幅提昇，使得電力系統日趨複雜，及地下電纜的大量使用、鐵心材料及設計上之改進使得變壓器損失減少等因素，都使得鐵磁共振發生於超高壓等級的電力系統的機率大增。對於較複雜的三相系統模擬，一般採用d-q-0模型，它並不適合用來研究不平衡故障，同時需要更進一步的轉換，求解過程又變的相當複雜，最後得到的解仍然不準確。本論文提出三相展開法來求解非線性共振問題，本方法之最大優點是直接利用電機機械電磁耦合技術，不需作任何轉換，可提高計算的精確度，因此特別適用於電力系統設計及事故調查。再者，本文藉由國內345 kV系統的核能電廠所發生的非線性共振的實例，來模擬分析事故的成因，並提出解決方法，以證明本方法之實用性。

The dissertation studies the nonlinear resonance problems of power systems. Generally speaking, ferroresonance has usually occurred in low-voltage distribution system, especially for potential transformers. Due to the considerable increase of power consumption, the power system is more complex than before. Besides, a number of under-ground cables are used, and transformers’ loss reduce due to improvement of core iron material. These factors could probably result in ferroresnance occurring in extra-high-voltage power system. The dissertation proposed three-phase representation method to analyze unbalance and non-linear system. This method employ magnetically coupled electrical circuit techniques and the original voltage equations can be used without the need for any transformations, which improves significantly computation accuracy. Consequently, it is quite suitable for power system design and incident investigation. Since the traditional d-q-0 model is not well suited for the study of unbalanced faults and requires further transformation, the analytical solution becomes rather complicated and the solutions are still inaccurate. At last we simulated the ferroresonant overvoltages occurring at a nuclear power station in Taiwan in order to investigate the causes and afford mitigation. The simulation results were enough to prove accuracy and practicability of this method.

中文摘要…………………………………………………… I
英文摘要…………………………………………………… II
目錄………………………………………………………… III
圖表目錄…………………………………………………… VII
第一章 緒論……………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究背景………………………………………… 1
1.2 相關文獻探討…………………………………… 1
1.3 論文架構………………………………………… 4
第二章 電力系統非線性共振…………………………… 6
2.1 鐵心元件的飽和特性……………………………… 6
2.2 鐵磁共振基本觀念………………………………… 8
2.2.1 鐵磁共振之條件…………………………… 9
2.2.2 鐵磁共振的徵兆及預防…………………… 10
2.3 鐵磁共振之特性分析……………………………… 11
2.3.1 初值狀態對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 13
2.4 鐵磁共振之振盪模式……………………………… 14
2.5 電力系統非線性共振分析方法…………………… 16
第三章 電力系統非線性共振一般分析………………… 19
3.1 常發生電力系統故障分析………………………… 20
3.2 電力系統之運轉點………………………………… 23
3.3 系統相關參數變化對鐵磁共振之影響……………… 25
3.3.1 電壓變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 25
3.3.2 頻率變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 26
3.3.3 電容變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 28
3.4 電力變壓器運轉之實例模擬……………………… 29
3.4.1 變壓器各運轉點模擬………………………… 31
3.4.2 模擬結果分析……………………………… 34
3.5 本章結論………………………………………… 34
第四章 電力系統非線性共振精確分析………………… 35
4.1 理論分析………………………………………… 36
4.2 精確分析之圖解法………………………………… 38
4.3 相關參數變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 41
4.3.1 磁滯損失對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 41
4.3.2 電源變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 43
4.3.3 電容變化對鐵磁共振之影響………………… 44
4.4 三相線路單相斷線模擬…………………………… 45
4.4.1 模擬結果分析……………………………… 48
4.5 本章結論………………………………………… 50
第五章 以掃瞄法評估非線性共振過電壓區域………… 51
5.1 諧波之種類及影響……………………………… 51
5.1.1 諧波對電力系統之影響……………………… 53
5.1.2 諧波之解決方法…………………………… 53
5.2 頻率掃瞄法……………………………………… 54
5.2.1 程式流程圖………………………………… 55
5.2.2 實例分析…………………………………… 55
5.3 晶格法掃瞄過電壓區域…………………………… 60
5.3.1 程式流程圖………………………………… 62
5.3.2 實例分析…………………………………… 63
5.4 本章結論………………………………………… 65
第六章 電機機械三相展開法…………………………… 66
6.1 狀態空間法……………………………………… 67
6.2 電機機械三相展開法模型分析…………………… 68
6.2.1 電力變壓器………………………………… 68
6.2.2 靜態負載…………………………………… 69
6.2.3 感應電動機………………………………… 70
6.2.4 同步發電機………………………………… 73
6.2.5 輸電線路…………………………………… 76
6.3 電力系統多機互連系統…………………………… 77
6.3.1 節點分析法………………………………… 78
6.3.2 小型電力系統分析………………………… 80
6.4 故障分析………………………………………… 83
6.4.1 三相平衡故障……………………………… 83
6.4.2 單相接地…………………………………… 83
6.4.3 線碰線短路故障…………………………… 83
6.5 本章結論………………………………………… 86
第七章 345 kV電力系統線路共振實例分析…………… 87
7.1 共振迴路分析…………………………………… 87
7.1.1 全黑事故概述……………………………… 87
7.1.2 孤島系統之形成與分析……………………… 89
7.1.3 現場記錄分析……………………………… 91
7.2 系統模型之建立…………………………………… 94
7.2.1 時序分析…………………………………… 95
7.2.2 感應馬達之發電機效應……………………… 96
7.2.3 變壓器模型之建立………………………… 98
7.2.4 輸電線路模型之建立………………………… 101
7.3 模擬結果分析…………………………………… 101
7.3.1 345 kV開關場母線電壓……………………… 102
7.3.2 A串4.16 kV緊要母線電壓…………………… 105
7.3.3 13.8 kV RCP馬達及4.16 kV馬達群………… 108
7.4 故障原因探討…………………………………… 112
7.4.1 改善與建議………………………………… 112
7.5 本章結論………………………………………… 113
第八章 結論……………………………………………… 114
8.1 成果討論………………………………………… 114
8.2 未來研究展望…………………………………… 115
附件一、孤島系統模擬程式之單線圖…………………… 116
附件二、孤島系統設備資料……………………………… 117
參考文獻…………………………………………………… 120
個人著作…………………………………………………… 127
個人資料…………………………………………………… 129

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