臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光纖干涉儀，為一種對相位差有著高靈敏度的儀器，因此，以光纖干涉儀為基礎，來設計水中聽音器是相當適合的。桑克干涉儀有很低的海洋環境雜訊，比馬赫-詹德更適用在水下偵測。本論文提出雙環桑克干涉儀架構，推導和分析光路數學式子。
在感測頭方面，利用矽膠分別製作了心軸式、平板式的感測頭，並增加光纖的纏繞圈數來提昇靈敏度。本論文量測的結果為：在所有的心軸式感測頭之中，動態範圍最高的可達37.6±1.4 dB，其靈敏度為 -223.3±1.7 dB re V/1μPa，平板式感測頭的動態範圍為 42.1±1.5 dB，其靈敏度為 -213.8±1.3 dB re V/1μPa。
在光路架構方面，雙環桑克干涉儀和桑克干涉儀比較，其訊號強度大於20 dB左右，且動態範圍可達66 dB 以上，比桑克干涉儀大24 dB 左右，其靈敏度為-192.0 dB±1.8 re V/1μPa，並用模擬來設計最佳的二條延遲光纖長度，使偵測水中聲波的動態範圍提昇，驗證利用調整延遲光纖的相對長度，確實可以提昇最大和最小可測聲波訊號範圍。

An interferometer is used for phase detection. Thus, the hydrophone which is based on interferometric optic fiber sensor has extremely high sensitivity. Sagnac interferometric hydrophone has low noise of marine environment, which is more suitably used to detect underwater acoustic signal than that of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In this paper, a configuration of dual Sagnac interferometer was proposed. The mathematical model was derived and analyzed.
The fiber optic sensor head contains mandrel type and planar one. The acoustic window are made of silicon rubbers. It was should that we can increase their sensitivities by increase number of wrapping fiber coils.
In our experiment, the result shows that among all the mandrel sensor heads, the most highest dynamic range is up to 37.6±1.4 dB, and its sensitivity is -223.3±1.7 dB re V/1µPa ; while the dynamic range of the planar sensor head is 42.1±1.5 dB, and its sensitivity is -213.8±1.3 dB re V/1µPa。
As for the configuration of the optical interferometers, the intensity of the dual Sagnac interferometer is 20 dB larger than its Sagnac counterpart. Its dynamic range is above 66 dB, which is 24 dB larger than that of the Sagnac interferometer with the sensitivity of -192.0 dB re
V/1µPa. In addition, by using software simulation to design optimal lengths of delay fibers , we can increase interferometer’s the dynamic range of underwater acoustic detection. This paper verify that, by means of adjusting the length of these two delay fibers, we can actually increase the dynamic range of acoustic signal detection.

頁次
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
符號表 xvii
第一章 簡介
1.1 研究背景與文獻回顧 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 論文結構 5
第二章 光纖感測系統的理論
2.1 光纖感測機制 6
2.1.1 干涉儀原理 6
2.1.2 裸光纖的靈敏度 7
2.1.3 同調長度 8
2.1.4 桑克干涉儀 9
2.2 桑克干涉儀光路架構 9
2.2.1 干涉光路徑分析 9
2.2.2 干涉光路徑數學推導 10
2.2.3 主動零差解調 12
2.2.4 相位載波解調 13
2.2.5 PZT 相位調制器 16
2.2.6 雜訊 17
2.3 瓊斯矩陣 18
2.3.1 光纖的瓊斯矩陣 18
2.3.2 耦合器的瓊斯矩陣 19
2.3.3 摺疊光纖的瓊斯矩陣 20
第三章 光纖水中聽器和感測系統的分析
3.1 光纖水中聽音器 21
3.1.1 心軸式水中聽音器 21
3.1.2 鍍膜式水中聽音器 23
3.1.3 平板式水中聽音器 24
3.2 雙環桑克感測架構之分析 25
3.2.1 干涉光路徑分析 25
3.2.2 干涉光數學推導 26
3.2.3 訊號處理 28
3.3 雙環桑克干涉儀的性能提昇 32
3.3.1 延遲光纖與聲波振幅大小的關係 32
3.3.2 二條延遲光纖的設計 33
3.3.3 模擬物理場的訊號強度 35
3.3.4 光路偏振分析 37
3.3.5 極化控制器 39
第四章 實驗結果與討論
4.1 感測系統的元件特性量測 41
4.1.1 光耦合器 41
4.1.2 極化控制器 42
4.1.3 PZT 相位調制器 43
4.2 水密膠聲透實驗 45
4.2.1 水中聲源校正 45
4.2.2 PU 膠材質水中聲波量測 46
4.2.3 熱溶膠材質水中聲波量測 48
4.2.4 矽膠材質水中聲波量測 48
4.2.5 橡膠材質水中聲波量測 49
4.2.6 實驗結果與討論 50
4.3 水中聲波量測 50
4.3.1 感測頭的製作 51
4.3.1.1 心軸式感測頭的製作 51
4.3.1.2 平板式感測頭的製作 53
4.3.2 感測頭的光纖彎曲損失量測 55
4.3.3 桑克干涉儀架構之量測 56
4.3.4 實驗結果與討論 58
4.4 平板式感測頭方向性之量測 60
4.5 雙環桑克干涉儀架構之量測 60
4.5.1 雙環桑克干涉儀和桑克干涉儀之比較 61
4.5.2 延遲光纖長度之改變 63
4.5.3 實驗結果與討論 64
第五章 結論與未來展望
5.1 結論 65
5.1.1 心軸式與平板式光纖水中聽音器之比較 65
5.1.2 雙環桑克干涉儀和桑克干涉儀架構量測之比較 65
5.2 未來展望 66
5.2.1 系統性能之改善 66
5.2.2 未來期許 67
參考文獻 69
附表 75
附圖 81
附錄A 134
附錄B 135
附錄C 137
中英文對照表 138
作者簡介 141

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