臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

旋轉狀態下管道內流場量測難度甚高，其流場與壓力分佈之實驗數據十分稀少。現階段而言，旋轉渦輪動葉之內冷卻流道熱流特性探討以熱傳研究為主，並且尚未有文獻針對90度非接觸-接觸式(de-at)肋條配置於壁面加熱與空氣加熱下，探討其浮力相反效應所引起的流場與熱傳差異。
因此本文針對流場、壓力及熱傳進行實驗研究。在流場量測方面，應用雷射都普勒測速儀(LDV)量測90度非接觸-接觸式(冷流場)、45度非接觸-接觸式(冷流場)與90度接觸-接觸式(冷流場、空氣加熱以及壁面加熱)的流場。壓力量測方面，應用微差壓力計量測45°de-at肋條配置的壓力結果。此外，為了比較壁面加熱與空氣加熱之浮力效應所引起的熱傳與流場之差異，因此在熱傳量測方面，採用熱電耦量測90°at-at的壁面加熱之溫度場。其中測試段橫截面為方形，由一180度銳轉銜接一徑向外流與一徑向內流之直管，而旋轉軸與管道截面垂直方向之間的夾角為90度。肋條(ribs)被安置於測試段之迎風面(leading wall)和背風面(trailing wall)，且肋條的橫截面呈正方形。肋條高度與通道水力直徑比（H/DH）為0.136，肋條與壁面的間隙與肋條高度比（C/H）為0.38，肋條間距與肋條高度比（Pi/H）為10。流場雷諾數固定為1×104。溫度場的密度比(|△ρ/ρ|)為0.057。實驗測試之轉數為0、165、330、495、660 rev/min，其相對應之旋轉數(Ro)為0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20，本研究之最大旋轉數已達到實際渦輪機操作之最低旋轉數。
本文藉由實驗量測旋轉通道內主流流場、彎道二次流流場的向量分佈、V方向速度、紊流動能、壓損以及區域平均紐塞數(regional averaged Nusselt number)。由流場與壓損的結果發現45°de-at肋條配置相較於90°de-at肋條配置為最佳排列方式。另外藉由流場與區域平均紐塞數發現在本實驗條件下(Ro=0.15，|△ρ/ρ|＝0.057)，浮力相反效應在相等功率下的速度曲線其空氣加熱比壁面加熱高出5.8％(管道平均差異)的差異，因此導致兩者間產生了10％(管道平均差異)的熱傳差異。因此在本實驗參數範圍內的浮力強度太弱，並無明顯影響流場與熱傳結果。

摘 要 II
誌 謝 IV
目 錄 X
圖目錄 XV
表目錄 XXII
符號說明 XXIII
第一章 前言 1
1-1工業背景 1
1-2理論分析 4
1-3 文獻回顧 12
1-3-1 熱傳相關文獻 12
1-3-2 流場相關文獻 17
1-4 研究目的 21
第二章 實驗系統及方法 23
2-1流場量測法（雷射都卜勒測速儀） 23
2-2 光學實驗儀器 26
2-2-1 光學系統-二維雷射測速儀 27
2-2-2 訊號處理系統 28
2-2-2-1 DOWN-MIXERS or FREQUENCY SHIFT（頻移器） 28
2-2-2-2 計數式訊號處理器(counter) 31
2-2-2-3 ENCODER（角度記錄器） 31
2-2-2-4 RMR(Rotating Machinary Resolver) 33
2-2-2-5 Photodetectors or Photomultiplier（光電倍增管） 34
2-2-3 微粒產生器（ATOMIZER） 35
2-3熱傳量測法簡介 37
2-3-1液晶量測法： 37
2-3-2熱電耦量測法： 40
2-3-3紅外線量測法： 45
2-4壓力量測法簡介 49
2-5 實驗設備 53
2-5-1 實驗設備圖 54
2-5-2測試段及實驗條件 54
2-5-3模型材質的選用 58
2-5-4實驗誤差估計 61
第三章90°de-at配置之結果與討論(I) 75
3-1參考面上入口的流場 76
3-2平均流的發展 78
3-3週期全展 82
3-4流場及表面熱傳間的關係 84
第四章45°de-at配置之結果與討論(II) 86
4-1參考面上入口的流場 87
4-1-1 入口量測 87
4-1-2 歪斜度（skewnesss）的量測 88
4-2平均流的發展 89
4-3週期全展 95
4-4二次流 97
4-5壁面壓力變化 99
4-5-1 壓力量測於渦輪機引擎的重要性 99
4-5-2 測試管道180度轉彎對壓力的影響 100
4-5-3 45度非接觸-接觸式之噴流現象 103
4-5-4 不同肋條排列方式之CP值比較 108
4-5-5 不同肋條排列方式之f（摩擦因子）值比較 109
4-6 最佳肋條排列之配置（總結） 112
4-6-1 90度非接觸-接觸式與45度非接觸-接觸式的比較 113
4-6-2 45度非接觸-接觸式與45度接觸-接觸式的比較 113
第五章90°at-at配置之結果與討論(III) 115
5-1熱損實驗 116
5-1-1熱損實驗的擷取時間 116
5-1-2熱損結果 118
5-2熱傳結果 119
5-2-1 90度接觸-接觸式肋條配置之熱傳結果 119
5-2-2 空氣加熱與壁面加熱的熱傳比較 121
5-2-3 差異評估 125
5-3流場結果 126
5-3-1參考面上入口的流場 127
5-3-2週期全展 129
5-3-2-1靜止下的週期全展（Ro=0）： 129
5-3-2-2旋轉下的週期全展（Ro=0.15）： 130
5-3-3相同功率下的流場探討 130
5-3-3-1流體在管道內的變化 130
5-3-3-2不同加熱方式的流場差異 135
5-3-4相同流量下的流場探討 138
5-3-4-1流體在管道內的變化 138
5-3-4-2不同加熱方式的流場差異 139
5-3-5相同流量與相同功率下的流場差異 140
5-5科式力與浮力效應的比較 140
第六章 結論 142
6-1 90度接觸-非接觸式肋條排列 142
6-2 45度接觸-非接觸式肋條排列 143
6-3 90度接觸式肋條排列 145
6-4本文重要結論 146
6-5本文主要貢獻 148
6-6未來建議 149
6-7經驗傳承 152

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