臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討鈀基、鐵基與鋯基非晶質合金及其奈米結晶之相變化情形及其在各種腐蝕性水溶液中之抗腐蝕性質。結果顯示出非晶質合金若經由適當的真空退火熱處理後，均能形成奈米尺寸的結晶。其中，奈米化後的Pd40Ni40P20塊狀非晶質合金，在各種腐蝕性環境下之抗腐蝕性質均得以提升且沒有發生孔蝕的現象。而Fe40Ni38B18Mo4、Fe78B13Si9、Fe79B16Si5與Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2非晶質薄帶合金在3.5% NaCl水溶液環境下，除了Fe40Ni38B18Mo4非晶質薄帶合金由於其奈米結晶化後之表面會發生微伽凡尼效應，使其腐蝕速率增加，其他鐵基非晶質薄帶合金在奈米化後之抗腐蝕性質均優於其非晶質態合金，且隨著硼含量的增加，鐵基非晶質薄帶合金的腐蝕速率會有下降的趨勢，且均沒有孔蝕現象的發生。Ｚr-Al-Ni基塊狀非晶質合金中，在各種腐環境下的抗腐蝕性質與抗孔蝕性質均優於其結晶化後之結晶態合金。

Abstract

The purpose of these studies is to investigate the corrosion behaviors of Pd-based, Fe-based, and Zr-based amorphous alloys and their crystalline states in different aqueous solutions at room temperature. The results show that the nanocrystalline states of these amorphous alloys can be obtained by suitable vacuum annealing.
For Pd40Ni40P20 in various aqueous solutions, the corrosion resistance of its nanocrystalline state is better than that of its amorphous state due to its nanocrystalline state mainly consists of inert and noble phases. These inert and noble properties result in a higher corrosion resistance (lower corrosion rate) in nanocrystalline Pd40Ni40P20.
For F40Ni38B18Mo4 in 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of its nanocrystalline state shows inferior to its amorphous state due to the local micro-galvanic cell action between different crystalline phase in matrix; whereas for Fe78B13Si9, Fe79B16Si5, and Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2 in 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of their amorphous states show inferior to their nanocrystalline states, and there is a tendency to increase the corrosion rate when increasing the Si content of their amorphous states.
For Zr-Al-Ni based alloys in various aqueous solutions, the corrosion resistance of their amorphous state is better than that of their nanocrystalline state, and there is a tendency to increase the corrosion rate when increasing the Al content of their nanocrystalline states.

目 錄

中文摘要………………………………………………...………………….i
英文摘要………………………………………………...…………………ii
目錄………………………………………………...……………………...iii
表目錄………………………………………………..…………………….v
圖目錄………………………………………………...…………………...vi
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………....……….1
1-1 簡介……………………..……………..……..........................1
1-2 研究目的…………………………...………...........................2
第二章 理論基礎………………………..…………….….……………….3
2-1 非晶態合金的發展歷史…………………………………..…3
2-2 非晶質合金的特性………………..………..………………..3
2-3 非晶質的製造方法…………………………………………..4
2-4非晶態合金的形成…………………………………..……….4
2-4-1非晶態合金形成理論……………………………….…..….4
2-4-2非晶質合金的形成要素……………………………..……..5
2-4-3玻璃轉換溫度…………………..…………..…………...….6
2-4-4簡化玻璃溫度.……………………….……………………..7
2-5耐蝕性…………………………………………………..….....7
第三章 實驗方法………………………………………...............………18
3-1 實驗流程…………………………………………………....18
3-2 實驗材料……………………………………………..……..19
3-3 X-ray繞射…………………………………...………………19
3-4 DSC分析實驗………………………….………...……..…..19
3-5循環極化實驗………………………………….………..…..19
3-6浸置試驗………………………………………….…………20
3-7 SEM腐蝕破壞表面觀察……………………………………20
3-8 TEM分析實驗………………………………………………20
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………..….…21
4-1成分鑑定…………………………………...…………….….21
4-2熱穩定性分析……………………………………………….21
4-3 X光繞射分析相鑑定………………………......…………...21
4-4 電化學循環極化試驗……………….…………………...…22
4-4-1 Pd40Ni40P20塊狀非晶質合金……………………………...22
4-4-2 鐵基非晶質薄帶…………………………………………22
4-4-3 鋯基塊狀非晶質合金……………………………………23
4-5 浸置實驗……………………………………………………24
4-5-1 鐵基非晶質薄帶…………………………………………24
4-5-2 鋯基塊狀非晶質合金……………………………………25
4-6 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)表面形態觀察…………………25
4-6-1 鐵基非晶質薄帶…………………………………………25
4-6-2 鋯基塊狀非晶質合金……………………………………25
4-7 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)微觀組織觀察………………….26
4-7-1 鐵基非晶質薄帶…………………………………………26
4-7-2 鋯基塊狀非晶質合金……………………………………26
第五章 結論………………..…………………………………………….98
第六章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………….100

表 目 錄

表2.1、非晶質合金的特性..........………………………………………….9
表2.2、各種含Cr合金在1N HCl 形成之鈍化膜之Cr離子與陽離子總 數之比率…………….……………………………………….…17
表4.1、各種非晶質合金成分經EPMA分析之結果……………….……27
表4.2、各種非晶質合金之退火溫度以及持溫時間……………………28
表4.3、Pd40Ni40P20合金在不同的水溶液下之電化學參數…………….29
表4.4、各種鐵基合金在3.5％ NaCl水溶液下之電化學參數………..30
表4.5、各種鋯基合金在3.5％ NaCl水溶液下之電化學參數…………31
表4.6、各種鋯基合金在1N H2SO4水溶液下之電化學參數……………33
表4.7、各種鋯基合金在1N NaOH水溶液下之電化學參數……………35
表4.8、各種鐵基合金在3.5％ NaCl水溶液環境下浸置10天後之腐蝕參數……………………………………………………………..37







圖 目 錄

圖2.1、撞擊急冷法示意圖……………………………………………….10
圖2.2、雙輪連續急冷法示意圖……………………………………….....10
圖2.3、急冷熔液旋噴法示意圖………………………………………….11
圖2.4、平面流鑄法示意圖..........................................................................11
圖2.5、高壓壓鑄法示意圖……………………………………………....12
圖2.6、結晶質、非晶質及氣體的原子在二度空間的排列情形………..12
圖2.7、結晶態與非晶態之XRD比較圖.....................................................13
圖2.8、不同金屬的簡化玻璃溫度Trg與非晶質化冷卻速率的關係…….13
圖2.9、非晶質合金系統之RC、tmax與△Tx關係圖………………………14
圖2.10、Zr55A17.5Ni10Cu17.5Si10非晶質合金其DSC量測圖.......................14
圖2.11、比熱Cp隨溫度T的變化曲線Cpa、Cpc及Cpl分別對應結晶態、非結晶態及液態的比熱。Tl＝625K………................................15
圖2.12、不同金屬的簡化玻璃溫度Trg與非晶質化冷卻速率Rc的關係圖以及與形成非晶質化試片厚度tmax的關係圖………….......15
圖2.13、各種非晶及結晶合金在熱濃磷酸的腐蝕速率……………...…16
圖4.1、Pd40Ni40P20.塊狀非晶質合金之DSC曲線………………………..38
圖4.2、鐵基非晶質薄帶合金之DSC曲線(a) Fe40Ni38B18Mo4 (b)Fe78B13Si9 (c)Fe79B16Si5 (d) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2………………....39
圖4.3、鋯基塊狀非晶質合金之DSC曲線(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26 (b)Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6 (c)Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8 (d)Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5 (e)Zr60Al20Ni20 (f)Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8………………….………………….......……41
圖4.4、Pd40Ni40P20合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Pd40Ni40P20 非晶質合金 (b) Pd40Ni40P20結晶合金………………….…………………..........42
圖4.5、Fe40Ni38B18Mo4合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Fe40Ni38B18Mo4非晶質合金 (b Fe40Ni38B18Mo4結晶合金………………….………….....43
圖4.6、Fe78B13Si9合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Fe78B13Si9非晶質合金 (b) Fe78B13Si9結晶合金………………….………………………....44
圖4.7、Fe79B16Si5合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Fe79B16Si5非晶質合金 (b) Fe79B16Si5結晶合金………………….……………………........45
圖4.8、Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2非晶質合金(b) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2結晶合金………………….……………46
圖4.9、Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26非晶質合金(b) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26結晶合金………………….……...................47
圖4.10、Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6非晶質合金 (b) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6結晶合金………………….…….......48
圖4.11、Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8結晶合金………………….………...49
圖4.12、Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5非晶質合金 (b) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5結晶合金………………….…………….50
圖4.13、Zr60Al20Ni20合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr60Al20Ni20非晶質合金
(b) Zr60Al20Ni20結晶合金………………….…........……….......................51
圖4.14、Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8合金之X-ray繞射圖(a) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8結晶合金………………….…….......52
圖4.15、Pd40Ni40P20合金於各種水溶液中之動態極化曲線圖(a) 3.5 % NaCl (b) 1 N HNO3 (c) 1 N H2SO4 (d) 1 N HCl………………54
圖4.16、鐵基合金於3.5％ NaCl水溶液中之動態極化曲線圖(a) Fe40Ni38B18Mo4 (b) Fe78B13Si9 (c) Fe79B16Si5 (d) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2……………………………………………….....56
圖4.17、鋯基合金於3.5％ NaCl水溶液中之動態極化曲線圖(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26 (b)Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6 (c)Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8 (d)Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5 (e)Zr60Al20Ni20 (f)Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8…………..59
圖4.18、鋯基合金於1N H2SO4水溶液中之動態極化曲線圖(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26 (b)Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6 (c)Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8 (d)Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5 (e)Zr60Al20Ni20 (f)Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8………......62
圖4.19、鋯基合金於1N NaOH水溶液中之動態極化曲線(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26 (b)Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6 (c)Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8 (d)Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5 (e)Zr60Al20Ni20 (f)Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8………......65
圖4.20、鐵基薄帶合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中10天後之SEM表面型態(a) Fe40Ni38B18Mo4非晶質合金 (b) Fe40Ni38B18Mo4結晶合金…………………………………………………………..……66
圖4.21、鐵基薄帶合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中10天後之SEM表面型態(a) Fe78B13Si9非晶質合金 (b) Fe78B13Si9結晶合金…...…67
圖4.22、鐵基薄帶合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中10天後之SEM表面型態(a) Fe79B16Si5非晶質合金 (b) Fe79B16Si5結晶合金…...…68
圖4.23、鐵基薄帶合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中10天後之SEM表面型態(a) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2非晶質合金 (b) Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2結晶合金…………………………………………………………..……69
圖4.24、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26結晶合金.…70
圖4.25、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態 (a) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6非晶質合金 (b) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6結晶合金.71
圖4.26、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態 (a) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8結晶合金.72
圖4.27、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態 (a) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5非晶質合金 (b) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5結晶合金….73
圖4.28、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態 (a) Zr60Al20Ni20非晶質合金 (b) Zr60Al20Ni20結晶合金……….74
圖4.29、鋯基合金浸泡於3.5% NaCl溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態 (a) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8結晶合金.75
圖4.30、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26結晶合金….76
圖4.31、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6非晶質合金 (b) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6結晶合金.77
圖4.32、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8結晶合金.78
圖4.33、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5非晶質合金 (b) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5結晶合金….79
圖4.34、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr60Al20Ni20非晶質合金 (b) Zr60Al20Ni20結晶合金…….…80
圖4.35、鋯基合金浸泡於1N H2SO4溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8結晶合金.81
圖4.36、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26結晶合金….82
圖4.37、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6非晶質合金 (b) Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6結晶合金.83
圖4.38、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8結晶合金.84
圖4.39、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5非晶質合金 (b) Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5結晶合金….85
圖4.40、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr60Al20Ni20非晶質合金 (b) Zr60Al20Ni20結晶合金……….86
圖4.41、鋯基合金浸泡於1N NaOH溶液中150天後之SEM表面型態(a) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8非晶質合金 (b) Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8結晶合金.87
圖4.42、Fe40Ni38B18Mo4結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b)相對繞射分析圖………………………………………………………..88
圖4.43、Fe78B13Si9結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖…………………………………………………………..89
圖4.44、Fe79B16Si5結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖…………………………………………………………..90
圖4.45、Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖………………………………………………………..91
圖4.46、Zr58.6Al15.4Ni26結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖………………………………………………………..92
圖4.47、Zr57.5Al16.9Ni25.6結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖…………………………………………………......93
圖4.48、Zr55.8Al19.4Ni24.8結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖……………………………………………………..94
圖4.49、Zr63Al18.5Ni18.5結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖………………………………………………………..95
圖4.50、Zr60Al20Ni20結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖…………………………………………………………..96
圖4.51、Zr58.4Al20.8Ni20.8結晶合金之TEM(a)明視野微觀像圖 (b) 相對繞射分析圖…………………………………………………......97

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