臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

山藥為薯蕷科(Dioscoraceae)薯蕷屬(Dioscorea)多年蔓生根莖類植物，含有具生理活性之皂素。
本研究先以氣相層析質譜法(GC/MS)分析Dioscorea japonica(基隆山藥)中薯蕷皂配基之含量。薯蕷皂配基為皂素的水解產物，薯蕷皂配基含量與山藥樣品萃取及水解條件有相當關係。以甲醇萃取山藥之皂素，於80℃以2N硫酸(70%異丙醇溶液) 水解2小時所得薯蕷皂配基含量較高，可達1219.7 μg/g(乾重)，為本實驗最佳水解條件。
檢測山藥中薯蕷皂配基時同時分析岀山藥中三種植物固醇類化合物為campesterol、stigmasterol及β-sitosterol，有降低人體血中膽固醇及血糖之功效物質。
傳統之氣相層析法亦需要作衍生化，比較麻煩耗時，而本研究以非衍生化之氣相層析質譜法(GC-MS)來探討山藥薯蕷皂配基和植物固醇種類及含量測定，較為簡便。

Yam is a perennial trailing rhizome plant of the Dioscorea species, which contains saponins that have physiological activities.
The content of diosgenin in Dioscorea japonica ( Keelung yam ) was determined by GC-MS. Diosgenin was hydrolyzed from saponins. Diosgenin’s content related to both the extraction and the hydrolysis conditions of saponins. We found that extraction with methanol and hydrolysis with 4 N H2SO4 ( in 70％ isopropanol ) at 80℃ for 2 hours had the maximum diosgenin’s yield ( 1219.7μg/g dry weight ).
Three kinds of phytosterols,campesterol,stigmasterol, and
β-sitosterol, which were supposedly helpful in lowering the contents of cholesterol and sugar in human blood, were also found in keelung yam as we analyzed diosgenin with GC-MS.
Our method had the merits of simplicity and time saving. No derivatization was needed. Diosgenin as well as phytosterols could be determined in the same run of GC-MS. It saved a lot of efforts.

目錄
中文摘 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
附圖目錄 XII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻整理 2
一、山藥簡介 2
二、山藥的品種、分布與型態 2
(一) 山藥之栽培品種與分佈 2
(二) 山藥之栽培型態 3
1. 大葉白肉類山藥品種系 3
2. 小葉白肉類山藥品系 4
3. 紅肉類山藥品系 4
三、山藥一般成分與營養成分 5
四、山藥的生理功能 6
(一) 降血糖 6
(二) 抗氧化性 6
(三) 影響腸道功能 7
五、山藥的食用方法 7
六、皂素與diosgenin 8
(一) 皂素之結構 8
(二) Diogenin之結構 9
(三) 山藥皂素與diosgenin之生理功能 9
1. 溶血反應 9
2. 降血脂，預防心血管疾病 10
3. 抗發炎 10
4. 保肝作用 10
5. 其他 11
(四) 山藥皂素與diosgenin之萃取 11
1. 山藥皂素之萃取 11
1-1 以甲醇溶液萃取 11
1-2 以乙醇溶液萃取 12
2. Diosgenin之萃取 12
2-1 水解條件對diosgenin的影響 12
2-1-1 酸溶液之影響 12
2.1.2 溶解硫酸溶劑對diosgenin之影響 13
2.1.3 酸水解時間對diosgenin之影響 13
(五) Diosgenin之分析 14
1. 液相層析法 14
2. 氣相層析法 14
七、Phytosterols 15
(一) Phytosterols的結構與來源 15
1. Phytosterols的結構 15
2. Phytosterols的來源 16
(二) Phytosterols的生理功能 16
1. 對膽固醇的影響 16
2. 抗腫瘤活性 17
3. 其他生理功能 18
4. Phytosterols的安全性 18
(三) Phytosterols的分析 18
第三章 材料與方法 21一、材料 21
(一) 樣品 21
(二) 標準品 21
(三) 藥品 21
(四) 層析管柱 22
(五) 儀器 22
二、實驗方法 23
(一) 山藥凍乾粉末之製備 23
(二) 分析基隆山藥樣品中diosgenin及phytosterols 23
1. 基隆山藥之萃取 23
1-1. 甲醇和乙醇萃取物之分析 23
1-2. 氣相質譜-質譜儀 24
1-3. 標準品溶液檢量線的製備 24
1-4 統計分析 26
2. 山藥甲醇萃取物之酸水解條件之探討 26
2.1. 改變溶解硫酸之溶劑 26
2.2. 改變水解時間及硫酸濃度 27
(三) 不同品種之台灣山藥diosgenin及phytosterols之分析 27
第四章 結果與討論 29
(一) 山藥凍乾粉末 29
(二) 分析基隆山藥樣品中diosgenin及phytosterols之含量 29
1. 甲醇和乙醇之萃取 29
1-1. Diosgenin及phytosterols之含量 29
1-2. 氣相質譜 30
2. 不同酸水解條件之影響 31
2-1. 溶解硫酸之溶劑 31
2-2. 水解時間及硫酸條件之影響 32
2-3. 維生素E 34
(三) 不同品種台灣山藥diosgenin及phytosterols之分析 34
第五章 結論 36
第六章 參考文獻 37
表 49
圖 60
附圖 96

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