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研究生:廖秀媛
研究生(外文):Hsiu-Yuan Liao
論文名稱:市售包裝果汁黃酮及有機酸含量之探討
論文名稱(外文):Contents of flavonoids and organic acids in various commercial fruit juices
指導教授:廖若川
指導教授(外文):Yeuk-Chuen Liu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:食品科學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:食品科學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:143
中文關鍵詞:綠原酸阿魏酸蘆丁檞皮素高效液相層析儀
外文關鍵詞:chlorogenic acidferulic acidrutinquercetinHPLC
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:1
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摘 要
攝取水果中的植物化合物,尤其是酚類化合物對人體健康有許多好處,本研究探討果汁中酚類化合物的有機酸 (chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid) 及黃酮 (rutin, quercetin) 的含量,並分別探討不同種類果汁、濃縮還原或非濃縮還原果汁、國產或進口果汁、有機認證或非有機認證果汁對於chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid 、rutin及quercetin含量之影響。本研究同時發展多重檢測chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin、quercetin 之HPLC分析條件及較適萃取條件,即流動相之分析條件為0分鐘20% MeOH 於 phosphoric acid (0.04% v/v , pH 1.82) 水溶液至40分鐘時為100% MeOH 的線性梯度,固定相為C18 ( 6 �慆) 逆相層析管柱,流速1.0 mL/min,四個標準品於30分鐘內分析完成;萃取方式以分層萃取法較佳,標的化合物之萃取量皆比SPE萃取法高且接近文獻值。
本研究檢測市售標示100% 的包裝果,chlorogenic acid 含
量以進口藍莓原汁為最高,其次為國產濃縮還原葡萄汁,第三為國產濃縮還原蘋果汁;ferulic acid含量最高者為小紅莓原汁,其次為進口非濃縮還原蘋果汁,第三為進口非濃縮還原檸檬汁;rutin含量最高者為進口藍莓原汁,其次為國產濃縮還原葡萄汁,第三為小紅莓原汁,而葡萄柚汁、西瓜汁及檸檬汁皆未檢出,quercetin,含量最高為國產濃縮還原葡萄汁,其次為進口非濃縮還原藍莓原汁,第三為另一品牌之國產濃縮還原葡萄汁。
研究結果顯示,不同種類果汁,只有在莓類果汁其ferulic acid和rutin相較於其他果汁有顯著偏高,葡萄汁rutin的含量亦顯著的高於柳橙汁rutin的含量;而果汁是否為國產或進口、濃縮還原或非濃縮還原、有機認證或非有機認證其四種成份的含量變異性大沒有一定的相關性,亦即果汁是否為國產或進口、濃縮還原或非濃縮還原、有機認證或非有機認證,其chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin及quercetin的含量並無顯著差異。
Abstract

Intake of phytochemicals from fruits, especially phenolic compounds are beneficial to human. This study determined the contents of the organic acids such as chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, and some flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin, in different kinds of fruit juices, including made-from-concentrated or not-from-concentrate fruit juice, local or import fruit juice, organic or regular fruit juice. This study also examined the HPLC analysis conditions to extract fruit juices. The extract methods were also studied and the results showed that the yields of partition were higher than using SPE method.
By comparing different commercially available 100% pure fruit juices, the highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in imported blueberry juice, and the second was made-form-concentrated grape juice, and the third was made-form-concentrated apple juice. The content of ferculic acid in cranberry juice was the highest, followed by imported not-from-concentrated apple juice, and lemon juice. The highest rutin content was found in imported cranberry juice, followed by made-form-concentrated concentrated grape juice and cranberry juice. However, rutin in grapefruit juice, watermelon juice, and lemon juice were not detected. The highest quercetin content was found in made-form-concentrated grape juice, followed by imported blueberry juice and another brand of made-form-concentrated grape juice.
Among different kinds of juice, only berries juices have significant higher amount of ferulic acid and rutin than other kinds of juices. Rutin in grape juice was significant higher than that in orange juice. However, no matter the juice is import or local, concentrated or non-concentrated, organic certified or not, has no varience. That is there are no significant difference between the content of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin in all kind of fruit juice.
目 錄
謝辭 Ⅰ
摘要 Ⅲ
Abstract Ⅴ
目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅹ
表目錄 ⅩⅢ
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻整理 2
一、植物化合物之分類 2
二、植物化合物的生理功能 2
三、Quercetin的來源及活性 6
四、Rutin 的來源及活性 11
五、Ferulic acid 的來源及活性 13
六、Chlorogenic acid 的來源及活性 16
七、黃酮及有機酸含量 18
八、果汁飲料黃酮及有機酸的檢測方法 29
(一) HPLC檢測果汁成份條件 29
(二) 黃酮及有機酸檢測結果 38
(三) HPLC-DAD 樣品判讀 42
參、材料與方法 43
一、檢體來源 43
二、儀器設備 43
三、試藥及試劑 43
四、實驗方法 44
(一)HPLC分析 44
(二)樣品萃取條件 46
五、定量分析 47
(一)高效液相層析分析條件 47
(二)標準曲線之製作 47
(三)定量公式 48
(四)實驗流程 49
肆、統計分析 50
伍、結果與討論 50
一、實驗條件探討 50
二、樣品分析 56
三、樣品統計分析 62
(一)chlorogenic acid 含量探討 62
(二)ferulic acid 含量探討 64
(三)rutin 含量探討 65
(四)quercetin 含量探討 66
(五)不同種類果汁其chlorogenic acid、 ferulic acid、
rutin 及quercetin 含量 68
(六)濃縮還原與非濃縮還原果汁其chlorogenic acid、
ferulic acid、rutin 及quercetin含量 70
(七)國產與進口果汁其chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、
rutin及 quercetin含量 71
(八)有機認證與非有機認證其chlorogenic acid、
ferulic acid、rutin及 quercetin含量 71

陸、結論 71
參考資料 118





















圖目錄
圖1.植物化合物分類 5
圖2.一份水果total phenols含量 6
圖3.檞皮素化學結構 7
圖4.rutin 化學結構 12
圖5.ferulic acid化學結構 14
圖6.chlorogenic acid 化學結構 17
圖7.HPLC檢測有機酸和酚類化合物標準 39
圖8.HPLC檢測多酚化合物標準品 41
圖9.實驗流程圖 49
圖10.依文獻 quercetin HPLC層析圖 51
圖11.依文獻調整後 HPLC標準品層析圖 52
圖12. HPLC標準品層析圖(0分鐘10% MeOH) 54
圖13. HPLC標準品層析圖(0分鐘20% MeOH) 55
圖14. HPLC分析chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin及
quercetin UV 圖 58

圖15.標準曲線 60
圖16.市售果汁GCL-1 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 77
圖17.市售果汁AFI-2 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 78
圖18.市售果汁GCL-3 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 79
圖19.市售果汁OCL-4 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 80
圖20.市售果汁GCL-5 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 81
圖21.市售果汁GCL-6 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 82
圖22.市售果汁ACL-7 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 83
圖23.市售果汁OCL-8 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 84
圖24.市售果汁GCL-9 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 85
圖25.市售果汁OCL-10 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 86
圖26.市售果汁PCL-11 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 87
圖27.市售果汁PCL-12 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 88
圖28.市售果汁OCI-13 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 89
圖29.市售果汁GCL-14 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 90
圖30.市售果汁OCL-15 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 91
圖31.市售果汁GCI-16 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 92
圖32.市售果汁ACI-17 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 93
圖33.市售果汁GCL-18 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 94
圖34.市售果汁OFL-19 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 95
圖35.市售果汁WFL-20 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 96
圖36.市售果汁OFL-21 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 97
圖37.市售果汁BFI-22 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 98
圖38.市售果汁BFI-23 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 99
圖39.市售果汁AFI-24 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 100
圖40.市售果汁OFI-25 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 101
圖41.市售果汁LFI-26 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 102
圖42.市售果汁OFI-27 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 103
圖43.市售果汁OFI-28 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 104
圖44.市售果汁OFL-29 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 105
圖45.市售果汁ACL-30 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 106
圖46.市售果汁OCL-31 LC-DAD層析圖及化合物UV 圖 107
表目錄
表1.食物中類黃酮素的來源 8
表2.蔬菜、水果和飲料flavonol 和flavone 的含量 22
表3.飲料中檞皮素的含量 23
表4.水果和蔬菜中檞皮素的含量 24
表5. Hydroxyciannamic acid 在植物的含量 25
表6.水果中酚含量 26
表7.市售果汁酚酸含量 27
表8.果汁flavonoid 含量 28
表9.HPLC 檢測果汁成份條件 29
表10.SPE及分層萃取法之比較 56
表11. Chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、 rutin、quercetin
紫外光最大吸收值 59
表12.分析成份滯留時間、相關係數、檢測範圍及偵測波長 61
表13. 市售果汁chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin 和quercetin 含量 108
表14. 不同種類果汁chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin和
quercetin 之含量 109
表15. 各變項檢定一覽表 110
表16. 是否為濃縮還原果汁chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin和
quercetin含量 111
表17. 國產與進口果汁chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin和
querceti 含量 112
表18. 是否為有機認證chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin和
querceti 含量 113
表19. 不同種類果汁chlorogenic acid、ferulic acid、rutin 和
quercetin件數 114
表20. 蘋果汁濃縮還原及非濃縮還原含量一覽表 115
表21. 葡萄汁含量一覽表 116
表22. 葡萄柚汁含量一覽表 117
表23. 柳橙汁含量一覽表 118
表24. 蘋果汁含量一覽表 119
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