臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地區自西元1987年10月交通部頒布「民用航空運輸業申請設立、增闢航線、購機執行要點」至今已十餘年。由於近年來的國內航空客運市場結構與市場行為皆已產生巨幅變動，解除管制政策是否的確對市場績效有推進的功能便更形重要。本研究除了衡量市場結構的改變，也自研究所使用的各個市場競爭衡量指標(如賀芬達指數、有效競爭者數量與集中度)中，找出最能用以表現國內市場的指標，並且以產業經濟學中的「結構-行為-績效(S-C-P)理論」進行實證分析，進而探討S-C-P之間的因果關係。實證上除了使用台灣地區整體市場的資料外，另外選取三條特定航線市場為研究對象，分別為台北-高雄航線、台北-馬公航線與高雄-馬公航線。

研究使用自西元1983年至2004年間的時間序列資料，以S-C-P模型為研究架構分析各市場。就解除管制對市場結構的影響而言，國內各市場均於開放後產生擾亂現象，並在近年呈現穩定。此外，研究也發現，當市場結構、市場行為與市場績效同時考慮的情況下，市場結構對市場行為的直接影響並不顯著存在，表示開放政策對國內航空客運市場結構的改變，但無法使市場行為產生顯著變化。本研究認為，產生此現象的原因有可能是政府實施的解除管制政策並未徹底解除管制，如票價等限制仍然存在，進而對市場形成約束。

It has been more than a decade since Taiwan implemented the deregulation policy in 1987. As the market structure and conduct of air transport industry show enormous changes in recent years, it does not guarantee that deregulation policy also improves the welfare of public. Therefore, we investigate the structural change of the domestic air transport market in Taiwan and take a close look at the influences of the deregulation policy. In addition, the research tests HHI NEC, and CR and finds out that CR is the most suitable indicator of the degree of market competition of Taiwan’s domestic air transport market. Finally, we also investigate how the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) paradigm’s causation effect runs. To address the market diversities in different flight routes, Taipei-Kaohsiung, Taipei-Makung, and Kaohsiung-Makung routes were analyzed.

A set of time-series data from 1983 to 2004 were used for empirical analysis. With respect to the influences of the deregulation policy on competition in the domestic air transport industry of Taiwan, the results indicate that both the entire market and the route markets became stable again after the disturbed time period. Moreover, this study has found that if we consider market structure, conduct and performance at the same time, the deregulation policy did not play its full capability in that the policy could not significantly bring efficient performances in these markets. It may result from the remaining regulations such as the price that still restricts the market performance.

謝 辭 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iv
Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Chapter I：Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Purposes of the Study 2
1.3 Research Scope 3
1.4 Research Procedures 3
1.5 Organization of the Research 5
Chapter II：Literature Review 6
2.1 Influence of Deregulation Policy on Air Transportation Service 6
2.1.1 Regarding Number of Flights 7
2.1.2 Regarding Aviation Safety 9
2.1.3 Regarding Load Factor 10
2.2 Studies of Market Structure 12
2.3 Studies of S-C-P Paradigm 14
Chapter III：Research Methodology 17
3.1 Background of S-C-P 17
3.2 Simultaneous Equation Model 21
3.2.1 Condition for Identification 22
3.2.2 Three-Stage Least Square 25
Chapter IV：Market Structure 27
4.1 Methods of Measuring Market Structure 28
4.1.1 The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Number of Effective Competitors 28
4.1.2 Concentration Ratio 30
4.2 The Market Structure of the Entire Taiwan’s Domestic Air Market 31
4.3 The Market Structure of Specific Domestic Flight Routes 37
4.4 The Relationship between HHI and Concentration Ratio 43
Chapter V：The Simultaneous Equation Modeling 47
5.1 Model Specification 47
5.1.1 Model Specification 48
5.1.2 Result of Identification 53
5.2 Result of 3SLS 55
5.2.1 Taiwan Market 56
5.2.2 Taipei-Kaohsiung Route 59
5.2.3 Taipei-Makung Route 61
5.2.4 Kaohsiung-Makung Route 63
Chapter VI：Conclusion and Suggestion 68
6.1 Conclusion 68
6.2 Suggestion 70
Reference 72

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