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研究生:楊佩純
研究生(外文):Pei-Chun Yang
論文名稱:台灣與美國消費者對基因改造食品認知與願付價值之分析
論文名稱(外文):An Analysis of Taiwan and U.S. Consumers’ Perception and Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Foods
指導教授:江福松江福松引用關係
指導教授(外文):Fu-Sung Chiang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:應用經濟研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:經濟學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:135
中文關鍵詞:基因改造食品條件評估法多項Logit模型存活模型
外文關鍵詞:genetically modified organismsmultinomial logit modelsurvival models
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:19
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摘 要

美國是種植基因改造(Genetically Modified, GM)作物的主要國家,也是台灣此類產品進口的主要來源國,根據2005年美國農業部的調查估計資料,美國所生產的玉米與大豆分別有52%和87%是GM作物;台灣2005年玉米與大豆的進口量分別約有95.57%和71.92%來自美國。目前世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)僅能確認在國際市場販售的基因改造食品對人體健康「沒有立即的危險」,惟社會大眾是否對於GM作物安全性存有疑慮,消費者對GM食品認知與接受度,及其願付價值則為本研究所要探討的主題。
本研究主要以台灣與美國消費者為對象,美國消費者資料係由陳文雄在2003年5月17日至7月2日針對美國地區(除了阿拉斯加和夏威夷)進行隨機抽樣電話訪問調查,獲得1,014戶;台灣消費者資料由江福松所主持的國科會計畫委託中研院調查中心在2003年8月27日至10月3日針對台灣地區進行隨機抽樣調查,獲得1,004戶。台灣的問卷係就美國的電訪問卷加以修改,美國問卷中以大豆沙拉油、玉米脆片與鮭魚三項產品為主,而台灣依國情的不同將玉米脆片改為豆腐,因此本研究比較兩國問卷中大豆沙拉油與鮭魚兩項產品的認知及願付價值。
台灣與美國問卷皆採用雙界二分選擇模型,所以本研究利用存活模型與多項Logit模型,進行實證估計其願付價值。實證結果顯示,美國在MNL與存活模型估計之結果,兩項產品其願付價值差異不大,但是,台灣在兩個模型中,願付價值卻明顯表示出不同的偏好,其主要原因在於台灣在MNL模型中,其價格係數呈現顯著正相關,違反效用原則,導致推估其願付價值出現誤差,由此可知存活模型的結果較具合理性。此外由存活模型實證結果得知,兩國消費者對於Non-GM大豆沙拉油與Non-GM Feed鮭魚願付價值相近,分別約為GM大豆沙拉油價格的1.4~1.44倍與GM Feed鮭魚價格的1.23~1.26倍。
Abstract

The United States is a major country that produces genetically modified (GM) crops and is also the main source of Taiwanese imports of the GM products. According to a 2005 survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 52% of corns and 87% of soybeans produced in the U.S. were GM crops. In 2005, 95.57% and 71.92%, respectively; of total Taiwan's corn and soybean imports were originated from the U.S. The World Health Organization has pointed out that GM foods sold in international markets posed no immediate danger to human health; however, doubts on the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) remain. This study addresses the issues of consumers' understanding and acceptance of the genetically modified foods (GMF) as well as their willingness to pay (WTP) for GMF.
This study focuses on Taiwan and U.S. consumers. The data on U.S. consumers consist of 1,014 households and were obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted by Chern using random samples in the 48 contiguous states collected from May 17 through July 2 of 2003. The data on Taiwan consumers consist of 1,004 households and were obtained by Chiang from telephone surveys using a modified Chern's questionnaire during the period from August 27 through October 3 of 2003. The U.S. survey pertained to three products: vegetable oils, cornflakes and salmons. Because of the taste differences in food consumption, cornflakes were replaced by tofu in the Taiwan questionnaire. As a result, comparison between the U.S. and Taiwan consumers' understanding and willingness to pay can only be made on vegetable oils and salmons.
Because the answers to the questions asked in the survey are binary in nature, this study uses multinomial logit and survival models to estimate the willingness to pay for GMF alternatives. From the analysis of willingness to pay and survival model, this study finds that Taiwan and U.S. consumers are similar in their willingness to pay to avoid the GMF. Using the multinomial logit model, this study finds that Taiwan consumers do not reject GMF. The main reason for this finding is that Taiwan consumers tend to lack understandings of GMF or GMOs. They believe genetically modified foods are hi-tech products. However, U.S. consumers have better understandings of GMF or GMOs and generally prefer Non-GM foods. To reduce Taiwan consumers' misperception of GMF as hi-tech products, Taiwanese authorities should continue to promote the biotechnology knowledge.
目 錄
頁次
謝 辭...................................................i
摘 要..................................................iii
Abstract.................................................v
表 次..................................................ix
圖 次...................................................x
第壹章 緒論..............................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機....................................1
第二節 研究目的..........................................4
第三節 研究方法與步驟....................................4
第四節 論文架構..........................................5
第貳章 文獻回顧與市場現況................................7
第一節 基因改造食品的定義與發展現況......................7
第二節 基因改造食品相關文獻 .............................13
第三節 台灣與美國GM食品管理現況.........................16
第參章 理論模型.........................................19
第一節 條件評估法.......................................19
第二節 多項Logit選擇模型................................22
第三節 存活模型.........................................23
第肆章 資料來源及基本統計分析...........................29
第一節 台灣與美國樣本資料之次數分配說明.................29
第二節 台灣與美國消費者購買偏好之交叉分析...............39
第三節 條件評估法之價格模型.............................51
第伍章 實證模型建立與結果分析...........................54
第一節 多項Logit選擇模型建立與估計結果分析..............54
第二節 存活模型建立與估計結果分析.......................65
第三節 願付價值之估計...................................76
第陸章 結論與建議.......................................84
第一節 結論.............................................84
第二節 建議.............................................86
第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向...........................87
參考文獻................................................89
附錄一:美國電訪問卷....................................95
附錄二:台灣電訪問卷....................................103
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