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研究生:盧依欣
研究生(外文):LU ,YI-HSIN
論文名稱:有智障手足之國小學童生活壓力與因應策略之研究
論文名稱(外文):The Life Stress and Coping Strategy of Elementary School Students with Mentally Retarded siblings
指導教授:梁培勇梁培勇引用關係
指導教授(外文):LIANG,PEI-JUNG
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺北教育大學
系所名稱:教育心理與諮商學系碩士班
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:心理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
中文關鍵詞:智障手足生活壓力因應策略
外文關鍵詞:mentally retardedmental retardationlife stresscoping strategy
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本研究主要目的是比較有智障手足之國小學童與一般國小學童在生活壓力與因應策略的差異;同時本研究也試圖了解在有智障手足之國小學童中,「性別」、「年級」、「出生序」、「相對出生序」、「手足數」、「家庭社經地位」、「智障手足性別」、「智障手足障礙程度」等八個背景變項,在生活壓力與因應策略的情形。

研究採調查研究法,研究樣本包括就讀於台北市四到六年級,77名有智障手足國小學童以及244名無智障手足國小學童。研究工具為「生活壓力問卷」、「青少年因應策略量表」。問卷所得之資料,以SPSS for Windows 10.0中文版統計軟體進行t考驗、二因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關等統計方法分析,綜合研究結果如下:

一、 有智障手足之國小學童與一般學童在「生活壓力總分」,及「環境與社會」、「家庭-資源剝奪」、「家庭-父母問題」、「學校」、「同儕關係」各分量表分數上沒有顯著差異。
二、 有智障手足之國小學童與一般學童在「因應策略總分」,及「解決問題」、「暫時擱置」、「改變」、「尋求支持」分量表分數上有顯著差異。一般學童的整體「因應策略」,及其中「解決問題」、「暫時擱置」、「改變」、「尋求支持」因應策略使用上優於有智障手足組。而在「避免逃避」分量表分數上沒有顯著差異。
三、 在有智障手足之國小學童背景變項方面,顯示:
1.「社經地位」在「家庭-父母問題」生活壓力上呈現顯著差異。低社經地位的正常手足「家庭父母」生活壓力大於高社經地位正常手足。
2.「智障手足的性別」在「避免逃避」因應策略上呈現顯著差異。「智障手足為女生」的正常手足,比「智障手足為男生」的正常手足,「避免逃避」因應策略更佳。
3.「性別」與「出生序」變項之交互作用在「學校」生活壓力達顯著。
4.「出生序」與「社經地位」變項之交互作用在「同儕關係」生活壓力達顯著。
5.「手足數」與「障礙程度」變項之交互作用在「家庭-資源剝奪」生活壓力達顯著。
6.「性別」與「障礙程度」之交互作用在「改變」因應策略上達顯著。
7.「年級」與「手足數」之交互作用在「解決問題」因應策略上達顯著。
8.「出生序」與「智障手足性別」之交互作用在「暫時擱置」因應策略上達顯著。
9.「智障手足性別」與「障礙程度」之交互作用在「暫時擱置」因應策略上達顯著。
四、 生活壓力問卷與青少年因應策略兩組相關分析中發現,有智障手足國小學童組,家庭資源剝奪壓力與避免逃避因應策略,學校壓力與改變因應策略,及同儕關係壓力與避免逃避因應策略,三者的相關情形達顯著。

最後在討論的部份,說明研究結果不符合本研究假設的可能原因,以及發現和限制,同時並提出建議供相關人士及未來研究參考。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the life stress and coping strategy of elementary school students with mentally retarded siblings in terms of eight variables, including “gender”, ”school grade”, ”the rank of all siblings”, “birth order”, “numbers of children in the family”, “family socioeconomic status”, “gender of mentally retarded siblings”, and “the severity of mentally retarded siblings.”, by comparing with other students without mentally retarded siblings.
The subjects included 77 students with mentally retarded siblings, and 244 general students without mentally retarded siblings. All of the subjects study in the 4th-6th grades in Taipei. Assessing instruments included Life Stress Questionnaire and Adolescent Coping Strategies Inventory. The data were analyzed by SPSS for Window 10.0, t-test, Two-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis.
The following were the results :
1. There were no significant differences on the scores of “Environment-and-Society stress”, ”Family-Resource Deprivation stress”, ”Family-Parents’ Problem stress”, “School stress”, “Peer stress”, and the total stress scores between groups.
2. There were significant differences on the scores of “Solving problem strategies”, ”Indirecting confrontation strategies”, “Changing strategies”, “Searching support strategies”, and the total coping strategies score between groups, except the score of “Avoid-escape strategies”.
3. For students with mentally retarded siblings,
(1) there were significant differences on the Family-Resource Deprivation stress scores in different family socioeconomic statuses.
(2) there were significant differences on the Avoid-escape strategies scores in different genders of mentally retarded siblings.
(3) there were interaction effects between “gender” and “the rank of all siblings” on the School stress scores.
(4) there were interaction effects between “the rank of all siblings” and “family socioeconomic status” on the Peer stress scores.
(5) there were interaction effects between “numbers of children in the family” and “severity of mentally retarded siblings” on the Family-Resource Deprivation stress scores.
(6) there were interaction effects between “gender” and “severity of mentally retarded siblings ” on the Changing strategies scores.
(7) there were interaction effects between “school grade” and “numbers of children in the family ” on the Solving problem strategies scores.
(8) there were interaction effects between “the rank of all siblings” and “genders of mentally retarded siblings ” on the Indirecting confrontation strategies scores.
(9) there were interaction effect between “genders of mentally retarded siblings” and “severity of mentally retarded siblings ” on the Indirecting confrontation strategies scores.

4. In the scores of students with mentally retarded siblings, there were some correlations between the Life Stress scores and the Adolescent Coping Strategies scores.

In discussion, the plausible reasons why the results of this study were inconsistent with the assumptions were explained. Also, the findings and limitations as well as suggestions are provided for the people in the related fields to do further studies.
第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機 ……………………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的 ……………………………………………………………… 7
第三節 待答問題與研究假設 ………………………………………………… 7
第四節 名詞釋義 ……………………………………………………………… 7
第二章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………………………… 10
第一節 兒童的壓力 …………………………………………………………… 10
第二節 兒童的因應 …………………………………………………………… 17
第三節 有特殊需求手足者發展中的情境與特質研究 ……………………… 22
第三章 研究方法 ……………………………………………………………… 32
第一節 研究架構 ……………………………………………………………… 32
第二節 研究對象 ……………………………………………………………… 33
第三節 研究工具 ……………………………………………………………… 36
第四節 實施程序 ……………………………………………………………… 39
第五節 資料處理 ……………………………………………………………… 40
第四章 研究結果 ……………………………………………………………… 41
第一節 有智障手足國小學童與一般國小學童兩組在生活壓力的差異 …… 41
第二節 有智障手足國小學童與一般國小學童兩組在因應策略的差異 …… 42
第三節 有智障手足組不同背景變項在生活壓力與因應策略上的差異 …… 43
第四節 有智障手足組不同背景變項在生活壓力與因應策略上的交互影響 62
第五節 生活壓力與因應策略的相關分析 …………………………………… 82
第五章 討論與建議 …………………………………………………………… 84
第一節 研究結果討論 ………………………………………………………… 84
第二節 建議 …………………………………………………………………… 99
第三節 研究限制 ……………………………………………………………… 100
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………… 102
附 錄 ………………………………………………………………………………
附錄一:研究目的說明函………………………………………………………… 1
附錄二:研究同意書及家庭基本資料表………………………………………… 2
附錄三:正常手足基本資料調查表……………………………………………… 3
附錄四:生活壓力問卷…………………………………………………………… 4
附錄五:青少年因應策略量表…………………………………………………… 8
附錄六:「生活壓力問卷」使用同意函…………………………………………… 11
附錄七:「青少年因應策略量表」使用同意函…………………………………… 12
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