臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在全球性經濟發展形成過程中，各國資金與科技資訊的快速流動挪移，造成國與國之間不斷競逐資源取得，更甚至重組世界的區域經濟體。依據民93年經濟部資料，顯示台灣企業海外投資中國件數，高佔81.18%；中國是台灣企業海外直接投資最多的區域。為何我國企業從事進行海外投資區位決策時，會出現地理集中性的現象？探究影響「台灣式特有的企業海外投資現象」的理論與實務特性現象的原因，應是管理學者和企業經營者共同關切的研究主題。
本文主題是以高階管理者決策行為面為出發點，來探究高階管理者在從事海外投資選擇行為的歷程，重心擺放在觀察高階管理者的個人背景（如華人祖籍背景）、心智模式與經驗（如國際營運經驗），對經營問題的思考與認知（如對同業行動的解讀與因應）、價值觀（如對中國市場的心理距離）等因素，是如何影響其投資決策行為。本文研究設計是以台灣電子、資訊產業的企業族群為研究對象，並採事件史分析方法，來探討心理距離、高階管理者國際營運經驗與祖籍背景及組織同形化等構面，對台灣企業選擇中國投資區位的影響。
本文實證研究回收有效樣本問卷186份，有效回卷率為31.00%。本文運用SAS LIFEREG的統計程式，來驗證四項研究假設：假設1：高階管理者的心理距離（文化、行政、地理、經濟等距離）與其選擇進入中國投資區位決策的時點，存在正向關係。假設2：高階管理者的國際化經驗與其企業選擇進入中國投資區位決策的時點，存在正向關係。假設3：高階管理者的祖籍背景與其企業選擇進入中國投資區位決策的時點，存在正向關係。假設4：高階管理者知覺組織同形化需要性與其企業選擇進入中國投資區位決策的時點，存在正向關係。上述四項假設均獲得支持。
本文考量華人同文同種的心理依附觀點，採取心理距離、國際化經驗、祖籍背景及組織同形化，來觀察台灣企業前進中國的投資現象，並據以建構企業高階管理者決策行為的理論模型，是一項新的研究嘗試。本文所得研究結果，在論述華人經濟圈投資現象，具有較高的預測和描述能力，同時也為「台灣式海外投資區位選擇的決策行為」提供另一理論面向的論述。

While global economic development takes shape, fast moving capital and information of technology would trigger a fierce competition in obtaining resources between countries and thus reorganized the regional economy in the world. According to the Ministry of Economic Affairs in year 2004, the cases of overseas investment of Taiwan enterprises in China account for 81.18%. China is now the primary area acquiring most foreign direct investment of Taiwan enterprises. Why the enterprises of Taiwan revealed the phenomenon of geography concentration when carrying out the policy of investing overseas? To probe the theory of ‘peculiar phenomenon of overseas investment of Taiwanese-type’ so as to better understand the reasons of such characteristic should be a remarkable topic for entrepreneurs and scholars of business management.

The focus of this study is the decision-making behavior of top managers when engaging in overseas investment. This research puts emphasis on observing how top managers’ personal background (such as their origin of ancestors), their mentality and experiences (such as management experiences in international organizations), the cognitive understanding of management (such as the understanding and responding of the action of same business), and the value perception (such as the psychic distance of China market)…etc. affect the behavior of investing decision. This study takes Taiwan’s electronic and IT industries as study samples and employs the method of event history analysis to distinguish the influence of the psychic distance, the international management experience, ancestral origin of top-managers and the organizational isomorphism on decision-making behavior of investment location of Taiwan enterprises in China.
With 31% response rate, there are 186 effective questionnaires completed in this study. Four hypotheses of this research are tested by applying the statistics procedure of SAS LIFEREG.
Hypothesis 1: Top-managers’ psychic distance (such as cultural, administrative, geographic, economic…etc.) positively affects the timing of their investment in China.
Hypothesis 2: Top-managers’ international experience positively affects the timing of their investment in China.
Hypothesis 3: Top-managers’ ancestral background positively affects the timing of their investment in China.
Hypothesis 4: The needing of top-managers’ cognitive understanding of organizational isomorphism positively affects the timing of their investment in China.
With considerations of psychological attachment in the same culture and races of Chinese, this is a novel attempt of research to construct a theoretical model of top-managers’ decision-making behavior based on the observations and findings. The research results of this study provide a higher prediction ability of description to expound the investment phenomenon of Chinese economy and, at the mean time, invite another theoretical expounding and argumentation of ‘the decision-making behavior of Taiwanese-typed decision of overseas location’.

目 錄
謝 辭 I
中文論文提要 III
英文論文提要 IV
目 錄 VI
圖 次 VIII
表 次 IX
第一章緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 7
第三節 研究問題與目的 18
第四節 研究流程 20
第二章理論文獻探討 21
第一節 投資區位選擇的管理決策 21
第二節 心理距離 28
第三節 高階管理者決策特質 41
第四節 組織同形化現象 47
第三章研究設計 50
第一節 觀念性研究架構與研究變數 50
第二節 研究假設 55
第三節 問卷設計與研究變數操作性定義及測量 59
第四節 抽樣方法與樣本 65
第五節 事件史分析模型 68
第六節 資料分析步驟與方法 71
第四章實證分析結果 72
第一節 敘述性統計分析 72
第二節 研究變數的相關係數分析 94
第三節 研究假設檢定 96
第五章 研究結果與建議 107
第一節 實證研究結果 107
第二節 研究貢獻與管理涵義 111
第三節 研究限制 114
第四節 未來研究建議 116
參考文獻 118
附錄一：本文研究問卷 128
附錄二：中國經濟發展年代與兩岸大事紀錄 132
附錄三：截至民94年12月各產業對中國投資的累計投資金額與件數統計 136

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