臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現有的路徑規劃演算法，大多只考量到路徑長度的大小，而最短路徑規劃並不代表所需的時間是最少的，尤其是當路徑中發生了壅塞或是車禍的情形，此時若還是使用原先的路徑規劃，則所需的時間勢必會被延長。為了要偵測道路是否發生壅塞，目前已有多項技術與設備正發展於交通道路的監控，此類設備為智慧型運輸系統中最重要的一環，但由於技術與設備上的限制，造成無法完全監控所有道路。而無線感測節點由於具有便宜及安裝容易的優點，能夠佈署於各類的道路上，並且透過無線的傳輸與簡單的繞徑協定，就能夠執行道路的監控活動。無線感測節點中最大的能源限制問題透過連接道路兩旁的路燈電源能徹底解決。當駕駛人行經至各路口時，只需要透過PDA或手持式裝置向位在各路口的聚合節點發出詢問後，就能夠根據所接收到的即時資訊規劃一條新的路徑，當有壅塞發生時，也能夠在壅塞的路口前即時改道，透過這種動態規劃路徑的方式，能有效的避開壅塞路段，規劃出的路徑將會是所需時間最少的最適路徑規劃。

第一章 緒論.....................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機..............................................1
1.2 研究目的....................................................2
1.3 論文架構....................................................2
第二章 文獻探討..................................3
2.1 智慧型運輸系統..............................................3
2.2 地理資訊系統與電子地圖......................................8
2.2.1 地理資訊系統..........................................8
2.2.2 現有電子地圖系統.....................................13
第三章 最適路徑規劃演算法...........................15
3.1 交通與網路模型.............................................15
3.1.1 網路成員介紹.........................................15
3.1.2 系統假設.............................................17
3.1.3 系統參數定義.........................................17
VI
3.2 路徑時間預估...............................................19
3.2.1 子路段時間預估.......................................20
3.2.2 路段時間預估.........................................23
3.2.3 路徑時間預估.........................................24
3.3 最適路徑規劃演算法.........................................26
3.3.1 網路成員初始狀態.....................................26
3.3.2 感測裝置啟動.........................................33
3.3.3 感測裝置資料收集.....................................35
3.4 實作議題...................................................37
第四章 模擬驗證.................................39
4.1 模擬環境...................................................39
4.2 地圖轉換...................................................39
4.3 路徑規劃...................................................43
4.3.1 最短路徑規劃.........................................43
4.3.2 預設最短時間路徑規劃.................................43
4.3.3 車流之路徑規劃.......................................45
4.3.4 動態調整之路徑規劃...................................45
第五章 研究討論.................................57
第六章 結論與未來研究方向...........................59
參考文獻......................................61

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