臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

別居(second homes)的購置在西方世界早已行之有年，尤其在北歐地區更被視為相當平常的一件事。台灣地區隨著周休二日制度的實施、居住品質觀念提升及個人需求的改變，擁有別居也逐漸成為一種新生活型態。
本研究將別居視為有別於原來的家的另一個「家」，探討女性對它的詮釋，因為家在地理學中是一個值得討論的空間。人文主義地理學者主張「家」對任何人而言，都是一個親密的地方，是一個可以開放地、舒適地接受脆弱和身體需求的地方，是穩定不變，可以回歸、休息的場所。但透過女性主義者所揭露的，傳統意義的「家」對女性來說，卻往往充滿勞動的辛苦與父權價值觀的壓制。所以本研究的目的是要了解別居作為一個「家」，除了休閒的功能之外，與「原來的家」之間的相同與差異。
本研究自2002年3月到2005年10月為止，一共針對十一位擁有別居的女性進行深入訪談。這些受訪者具有一些共同的特徵：她們都是受過高等教育、年齡層較高、有自己的經濟基礎，並可以決定自己的財務的女性。透過她們的經驗可以發現，受到過去生活經驗的影響，及在現有的家中的束縛和外在環境的壓力下，別居的確提供女性另一個抒解的出口，並且滿足她們對美好家庭的想像。然而，現實中別居的購置和使用依然受到許多其他成員及外在因素的影響，而女性在傳統觀念的制約下，也無法真正理直氣壯地將別居宣示為自己獨有的空間，甚至有些女性的別居在性別角色上只是原來家的複製。
透過女性主義視角，本研究檢視別居作為一個「家」的內涵及意義，探討台灣地擁有別居作為休閒自用的女性，在家空間中的主觀經驗感受，及其透過重新塑造的別居所反映的空間解放與束縛，質疑傳統上充滿「男性氣概」的家，使女性的聲音及經驗被聆聽及重視。

Second home ownership is common in developed countries, especially North Europe. This kind of life style also figures in Taiwan now with the change of personal demands and housing concepts. In this study, I take second home as another "home" to understand women''s home experience in another context.
The association of home with women and femininity is so commonplace that it is often considered natural. As a geographer, I am certainly curious about this most "feminine" space. Using a feminist perspective, I argue the masculinist notion of home in humanistic studies because they erase women from their ideal home.
By conducting interviews of eleven middle class women, who have some common characteristics such as being middle-aged women, with advanced education and a handsome salary, I found that second homes could be a good option for them to release their pressure from both outside and inside of home. And second homes can satisfy their images of the perfect home, too. However, the conception of home mentioned above is deep-rooted and seems "natural" to women and their family members. Women are still affected by traditional ideas and other people in their second homes. This shows that second homes sometimes do not really mean a personal place belonging to women, but just a copy of traditional home.
From this study, I inspect the meaning of second homes to Taiwanese women and discuss their experience of purchasing and using second homes. By the restructure space-- second homes, it can reflect both spacial release and traditional constraint within home and make women''s experience visible.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
一、研究動機 1
二、研究問題 3
(一)研究對象界定 4
(二)為什麼是「別居」？ 4
(三)核心問題 6

第二章 文獻回顧 7
一、別居的相關研究 7
(一)別居的定義 7
(二)別居旅遊(second home tourism)的特性 8
(三)別居研究的發展 10
(四)國內相關研究 12
二、家的相關研究 13
(一)人文主義地理學者對家的觀點 13
(二)從女性主義觀點來看「家」 16
(三)國內關於「女性的家」的研究 17

第三章 研究方法 20
一、訪談對象 20
二、訪談及紀錄 22
三、訪談大綱 23
四、研究架構 25

第四章 受訪者「家」經驗的訪談分析 28
一、疏離的家 28
二、變動的家 29
三、客人的家 30
四、勞動的家 31
五、男人的家 33

第五章 購置別居的原因 35
一、從生活常規中逃離 35
二、擺脫‘那個人’ 36
三、休閒—旅行之外的另一章 38

四、尋找良好的居住環境 40
五、帶著如田園詩般的想像 42
六、個人工作室 44
七、退休的居所 46
八、與鄉土的連結 47
九、身份地位的表徵 48

第六章 購屋過程 50
一、經濟能力的影響 50
二、看待自己的方式 51
三、家人的態度 52
四、他人的推波助瀾 54

第七章 別居的使用方式 57
一、交通方式與使用頻率 57
二、空間配置 59
三、打造女人的空間 62
四、誰的別居？ 66
五、友情開展的園地 68

第八章 別居的反省 71
一、找到桃花源 71
二、原有家的複製 73
三、放不下俗世牽掛 74
四、風景照片外的真實 75

第九章 結論 78
一、別居是女性空間的另一個出口 78
二、別居創造美滿家庭的夢 79
三、別居使用權的拉扯 80
四、在別居中揮之不去的傳統束縛 81
五、別居提供女性自我追求的「想像空間」 82

參考文獻
內政部營建署 2002 臺閩地區住宅概況統計分析。
李素馨 1999 女性休閒體驗與休閒空間的迷失，婦女與休閒研討會，1999，4月30日。
胡幼慧 1998 質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例，台北：巨流圖書公司。
夏韻芬 2005夏韻芬的理財3規劃，台北：高寶。
畢恆達 1996 已婚婦女的住宅空間體驗，本土心理學研究， 6：300-325。
畢恆達 1999 都會休閒與女性空間，婦女與休閒研討會，1999，4月30日。
畢恆達 2000 家的意義，應用心理研究， 8：55-147。
郭育志 1989 台北市民生活型態對購屋行為之動機、評估準則、態度因素影響之研究，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
陳小紅 1995 都市住宅區位分化及其成因之探討—以台北市為例，中西都會區之發展與面臨的問題，台北：中研院歐美所。
陳柏宏 2003 渡假型休閒式住宅俱樂部使用後評估之研究 —以台北縣三芝鄉渡假型休閒式住宅俱樂部為例，雲林科技大學空間設計系碩士論文。
陳麗珍 2004 解讀居家中女性的自我與異己，中原大學室內設計研究所碩士論文。
黃錦鈴 1993 台北市民住屋購買行為之研究，國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
楊宗憲，張金鶚 2001 臺北都會區第二屋購屋行為之研究—從第一屋與第二屋特徵差異分析，住宅學報，10(2):77-90。
歐宇帥 2001 台北都會區年輕高學歷女性的居住處境以及家的認同，台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。
蔡菊花 1997 休閒式住宅市場購屋與使用行為之研究： [地中海]與[百年大鎮]之個案探討，國立中興大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。
顧愛如 1993 住宅空間使用的性別差異：三個家庭空間的個案經驗研究，私立淡江大學建築研究所碩士論文。
鄭至慧 1996 存在主義女性主義，顧燕翎編，女性主義理論與流派，台北：女書。
嚴祥鸞 2001 危險與祕密：研究倫理，台北：三民。

Abbott, P. and Wallace, C. (1990) An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives. 俞智敏等譯(1995)，女性主義觀點的社會學，台北：巨流。
Blunt, A. (2005) Cultrual geography: cultural geographies of home, Progress in Human Geography, 29(4):505-515.
Blunt, A. and Varley, A. (2004) Geographies of home: introduction, Cultural Geographies 11: 3-6.
Buckley, S. (1996) A guided tour of the kitchen: seven Japanese domestic tales, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14:441-462.
Chee, M. (2005) Taiwanese American Transnational Families: Women and Kin Work. New York: Routledge.
Clout, H. D. (1971) Second home in Auvergne, Geographical Review, 61: 530-553.
Clout, H. D. (1972) Rural Geography: An Introductory Survey, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Clout, H. D. (1977) Residences secondaires in France. In: J. T. Coppock(ed.) Second Home: Blessing or Curse?, New York: Pergamon: 47-62.
Cohen, E. (1974) Who is a tourist? a conceptual clarification, Sociological Review, 22(4):527-555.
Coppock, J. T. (1977) Second Homes: Curse or Blessing, Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon Press.
Domosh, M. and Seager, J. (2001) Putting Women in Place—Feminist geographers Make Sense of the World, New York: Guilford.
Entrikin, J. N. (1976) Contemporary humanism in geography, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 66(2): 615-632.
Flognfeldt, T. (2002) Second-home ownership: a sustainable semi-migration? In: C.M. Hall and A. Williams (eds.) Tourism and Migration, Klüwer.
Greer, T. and Wall, G. (1979) Recreational hinterlands: a theoretical and empirical analysis, In: G. Wall (ed.) Recreational Land Use in Southern Ontario, Waterloo: University of Waterloo, Department of Geography.
Hall, C. M. and Müller, D. K. (2004) Introduction: second homes, curse or blessing? revisited. In: Hall, C. M. (ed.) Tourism, Mobility & Second Homes: Between Elite Landscape and Common Ground, Univ of Toronto: 3-14.
Hall, C. M., Müller D. K. and Keen D. (2001) Second homes in rural areas - blessing or curse? revisited, Bidrag till konferensen. New Directions in Managing Rural Tourism and Leisure: Local Impacts, Global Trends, SAC Auchincruive, Ayrshire,Scotland, UK, 5-8 september 2001. Umeå: Kulturgeografiska institutionen &Dunedin: Department of Tourism.
Harrington, M. and Dawson, D. (1995) Who has it best? Labor force participation, perceptions of leisure and constructions to enjoyment of leisure, Journal of Leisure Research, 27(1): 4-24.
Jaakson R. (1986) Second homes: domestic tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 13: 367-391.
Johnston, R. J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., and Watts, M. (2000) The Dictionary of Human Geography, Oxford: Blackwell.
King, R., Warnes, A.M. and Williams A.M. (2000), Sunset Lives: British Retirement Migration to the Mediterranean, London: Berg.
Lovgren S. (2005) Buyers snap up country houses—in other countries, National Geographic News, January 3, 2005.
Marcus C. (1995) House as a Mirror of Self . 徐詩思譯(2000)，家屋，自我的一面鏡子，台北：張老師文化。
Massey, D. (1994) Space, Place and Gender, Cambridge: Polity.
Massey, D. and Jess, P. (1995) A Place in the World? Places, Cultures and Globalization, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McDowell, L. (1992) Doing gender: feminism, feminists and research methods in human geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 17:399-416.
Melman, S.J. (1999) Snowbirds, Journal of Housing Economics, April: 14-17.
Müller, D. K. (1999) German Second Home Owners in the Swedish Countryside: On the Internationalization of theLeisure Space, European Tourism Research Institute, Östersund.
Müller, D. K. (2000a) Second home tourism and sustainable development in Sweden, The Future of Sustainable Tourism: Perspectives and Prospects IGU-Sustainable Tourism Study Group Pre-Congress Meeting, 10-13 August 2000, Cheju, Korea.
Müller, D. K. (2000b) Second Home Tourism and Sustainable Developments in North European Peripheries. Paper. Kulturgeografiske institusjonen, Umeå universitet.
Müller, D. K. (2002a) Second Home Tourism in the Swedish Moutain Range. Paper. Kulturgeografiske institusjonen. Umeå universitet.
Müller, D. K. (2002b) German second home development in Sweden. In: C.M. Hall and A. Williams (ed.) Tourism and Migration : New Relationships between Production and Consumption, Dordrecht: Klüwer Academic Publishers:169-186.
Müller, D. K., Hall, C. M. and Keen, D. (2004) Second home tourism impact, planning and management. In Hall, C. M. (ed.) Tourism, Mobility & Second Homes: Between Elite Landscape and Common Ground, Univ of Toronto, 15-34.
Peet, R. (1998) Modern Geographical Thought. 王志弘等譯(2005)，現代地理思想，台北：群學。
Pijanowski, B. C. and Shellito, B. A. (2003) Using neural nets to model the spatial distribution of seasonal homes, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30: 281+
Relph, E. (1970) An inquiry into the relations between phenomenology and geography, Canadian Geographer, 143(3): 193-201.
Relph, E. (1976) Place and Placelessness. London:Pion.
Robinson, G. M. (1998) Methods & Techniques in Human Geography. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 407-482
Rose G. (1993) Feminism and Geography—the Limits of Geographical Knowledge, Cambridge: Polity.
Seamon, D. (1985 ) A phenomenology of lifeworld and place, Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 2(2): 130-135.
Spotts, D. (1991) Travel and tourism in Michigan: a statistical profile, 2nd ed. Travel, Tourism, and Recreation Resource Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 309
Thrift N. (2003) Space: the fundamental stuff of geography, Key Concepts in Geography, London: SAGE, 95-107.
Tuan, Y. F. (1971) Geography, phenomenology, and the study of human nature, Canadian Geographer, 15(3): 181-192.
Tuan, Y. F. (1975) Place: an experiential perspective, The Geographical Review, 65(2): 151-165.
U.S. Census (Bureau of the Census) (1990) 1990 Census of Population and Housing. United States Department of Commerce.
Weisman L. K. (1992) Man-made environment. 王志弘等譯(1997，設計的性別歧視：「男造」環境的女性主義批評，台北：巨流。
Williams, A. M., King, R. and Warnes, A. (2004) British second homes in Southern Europe: shifting nodes in the scapes and flows of migration and tourism. In Hall, C. M. and Müller, D. K. (eds.) Tourism, Mobility and Second Homes: Between Elite Landscape and Common Ground, Clevedon: Channel View Publications, 97-112.
Wolfe, R. (1951) Summer cottages in Ontario. Economic Geography, 12(2):10-32.
Wolfe, R. (1970) Vacation homes, environmental preferences and spatial behaviour, Journal of Leisure Research, 6(2):85-87.
Woolf V. (1929) A Room of One’s Own. 張秀亞譯(2000)，自己的房間，台北：天培文化。