跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(98.80.143.34) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/10/14 01:18
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:張哲誠
研究生(外文):CHANG CHE CHENG
論文名稱:工作自主權、信任與群內衝突之研究
論文名稱(外文):The Research of the Relationship among Work Autonomy, Trust and Intragroup Conflict.
指導教授:楊濱燦楊濱燦引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中國文化大學
系所名稱:國際企業管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:99
中文關鍵詞:工作自主權信任群內衝突
外文關鍵詞:work autonomytrustintragroup conflict
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:436
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:6
在現今已團隊結構為主要運作方式之經營型態下,個人在工作環境中與同事相處接觸的時間日益增多,彼此間的互動關係也日趨重。然而任何事務只要與人產生關係就難免會引發衝突,尤其是現今多元化的社會,有不同的想法與立場更是極為普遍的現象。為了拓展群內衝突的知識領域,本研究以工作自主權為自變項,探討工作團隊成員所擁有之工作自主權 (work autonomy)與群內衝突(intragroup conflict)之關係,並透過團隊成員間之信任感(trust)中介機制作用,進一步釐清此二變項之關係型式。
本研究以新竹科學園區內電子科技公司之研究發展團隊人員為樣本對象,獲得266份橫斷面之有效樣本,透過線性結構模式(LISREL)檢定與分析,結果顯示賦予工作團隊工作自主權會對群內衝突產生顯著的負向影響,而卻對團隊成員間之信任產生顯著的正向影響;此外,在信任與與群內衝突之關係方面,兩者呈現顯著的負向關係。
Nowadays, the operation of enterprises is mainly managed as an unite of teamwork. In light of the characteristic of conflict, the interaction at workplace between individual and coworker getting more attention from the managers. This research is aiming to expand the field of intragroup conflict. Work autonomy is used to as independent variable to measure the relationship between intragroup conflict and itself. The moderating effects are examined by the trust on the relationship of work autonomy and intragroup conflict. The effects of two variables are clarified in the context.
The sample body of this research is the staffs of R&D teams at technology companies in Taiwan. The results came to 266 effective samples. By the examination of LISREL and the analysis showed that the negative relationship between the work autonomy and intragroup conflict is significant. In addition, both the positive relationship between the work autonomy and the trust among the team members, and the negative relationship between the trust and intragroup conflict are also significant.
內 容 目 錄
中文摘要.................... iii
英文摘要.................... iv
誌謝辭..................... v
內容目錄.................... vi
表目錄..................... viii
圖目錄..................... ix
第一章  緒論................. 1
  第一節  研究背景............. 1
  第二節  研究問題與研究目的........ 3
  第三節  研究架構與假設.......... 5
第二章  文獻探討............... 11
  第一節  工作自主權............ 11
  第二節  信任............... 16
  第三節  群內衝突............. 19
第三章  研究方法............... 31
  第一節  研究變項之操作性定義與測量工具.. 31
第二節  研究樣本與資料蒐集假設........ 34
  第三節  資料分析方法........... 36
第四章  分析結果............... 38
第一節  基本資料分析............. 38
第二節  驗證性因素分析............ 42
  第三節  相關與共線性分析......... 52
  第四節  因果模式路徑分析......... 54
第五章  結論與建議.............. 68
第一節  結論................. 68
第二節  建議................. 72
參考文獻.................... 74
附錄  研究問巻................ 97
一、中文部分
Robbins S. P. (1995),管理學(王秉鈞譯),台北:華泰文化事業有限公司,(原文於1994年出版)。
Robbins S. P. (2001),組織行為學(第9版) (李青芬、李雅婷和趙慕芬譯),台北:華泰文化事業有限公司,(原文於2000年出版)。
許士軍(1990),管理學(十版),台北:東華書局發行。
王佩琪(2001),小團隊衝突處理行為及衝突過程滿意之相關研究:出生順序與性別的因素,私立大葉大學事業經營研究所未出版之碩士論文,5-26。
王議賢(2004),人際交往對關係、信任與關係衝突及合作滿意度之影響,高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-25。
古金英(1990),員工自主性、工作特徵與組織承諾關係之研究- 中美日三國電子業之比較,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之博士論文,1-83。
田靜婷(2003),影響高科技產業研發團隊學習績效相關因素之研究,國立彰化師範大學工業教育學系未出版之博士論文,81-161。
林肇崇(1993),員工潛在衝突強度之個案調查研究,私立東吳大學管理學研究所未出版之碩士,19-35。
林書弘(2002),歧見下的創意:虛擬團隊衝突行為與創造力之相關研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,43-53。
吳慧卿(2000),選手知覺教練領導行為、團隊衝突、團隊凝聚力及滿意度關係之實證研究,國立師範大學體育所未出版之博士論文,45-121。
李璧伶(2004),團隊衝突、團隊凝聚力與社會賦閒之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-47。
李弘暉(1997),團隊原理,中國行政評論。第六卷第二期。民國86年3月,73-86。
周忠信(2003),新產品開發團隊衝突、創新與研發績效之研究-以高科技產品製造公司為例,私立元智大學管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-40。
侯瑾瑜(1994),自主管理團隊的成員角色與衝突之研究,國立中興大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,22-30。
翁婉玉(2004),心理賦能、領導者-部屬交換關係與組織公民行為關係之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-21。
陳正昌、程炳林(1994),SPSS、SAS、BMDP統計軟體在多變量統計上的應用,台北:五南圖書出版公司。
陳順宇(2000),多變量分析,台北:華泰文化事業有限公司。
陳咨明(2002),研發專案團隊創新績效之研究-以電信業與軟體業為例,國立暨南國際大學國際企業學系未出版之碩士論文,14-21。
陳進江(2003),組織正義、信任與知識分享行為關係之研究-以台灣高科技產業研發部門為例,真理大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-42。
陳瑞村(2003),組織公民行為、信任與品牌權益間之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-16。
陳瑞芬(2003),賦權、信任與社會賦閒之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-51。
陳聰典(2001),工作自主權、工作壓力和創造力關係之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-64。
張心美(2000),觀光旅館員工授權、服務行為與服務品質關係之研究,中國文化大學觀光事業研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-24。
葉長青(2000),團隊成員認知賦能對個人創新性關係之研究,私立銘傳大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-29。
楊濱燦(1998),團隊成員間之衝突與組織公民行為之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之博士論文,1-83。
潘安堂(2002),國民小學教師賦能與工作滿意關係之研究,暨南國際大學教師政策與行政研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-11。
蔡亞芬(2004),組織特性、工作自主性、探究程度與員工服務品質之關係研究以台灣之觀光旅館為例,私立輔仁大學餐旅管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-52。
蔡達人(2000),團隊多元化對知識分享、創造、創新績效之影響-以衝突為中介變項,私立東吳大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,66-99。
蔡雅玲(2002),領導者類型、團隊結構、任務特性及領導才能契合度對團隊衝突之影響,私立實踐大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-40。
鄭志富(1996),運動組織與團隊衝突管理。第廿七屆大專院校運動會體育學術研討會論文集,41-44。
魏千金(2001),授權賦能與工作態度之研究-以護理人員為例,私立逢甲大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-25。
鍾志群(2004),心理契約履行、信任與組織公民行為之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-15。
譚愷悌(2002),轉換型領導對團隊凝聚力、群組效力與組織公民行為之影響,私立世新大學觀光研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-43。
劉得鵬(2003),華人組織中的關係衝突與任務衝突:衝突層次與和諧性格的角色,國立台灣大學心理學研究所未出版之碩士論文,8-35。
二、英文部分
Allison W. P., Michael D. E. & Allen C. A. (2002). An assessment and refinement of Jehn’s intragroup conflict scale. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(2), 110-127.
Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision-making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams. Academy of Manage-ment Journal, 39(1), 244-255.
Amason, A. C. & Mooney, A. C. (1999). The effects of past perform-ance on top management team conflict in strategic decision making. International Journal of Conflict Management, 10(4), 340-360.
Amason, A. C., & Sapienza, H. J. (1997). The effect of top man-age-ment team size and interaction norms on cognitive conflict and affective conflict. Journal of Management, 23(4), 123-148.
Andrews, F. M., & Farris, G. F. (1972). Time pressure and perform-ance of scientists and engineers: A five-year panel study. Or-ganizational Behavior and Human Performance, 8(2), 185-200.
Austin, W. G. (1979). Justice, freedom and self-interest in intergroup relations. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.). The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp.20-37). Belmont, Cali-fornia: Brooks Cole.
Austin, J. R. (1997). A cognitive framework for understanding demo-graphic influences in groups. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5(4), 342-360.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1989). On the evaluation of structural equa-tion models. Academic Marketing Science, 16(1), 76-94.
Bailyn, L. (1985). Autonomy in the industrial R&D Lab. Human Re-source Management, 24(2), 129-146.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. Ameri-can Psychologist, 44, 1175-1184.
Barnar, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge, Massa-chusetts: Harvard University.
Barnar, R. (1994). Enablement: The key to empowerment. Training and Development Journal, 52(1), 33-36.
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J. & Mount, M. K. (1998).Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychol-ogy, 83(3), 377-391.
Blau, J. R., & Alba, R. D. (1982). Empowering nets of participation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27(3), 363-379.
Bowen, D. & Lawler, E. (1992). The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how, and when? Sloan Management Review, 33(1), 31-39.
Bradley, L. K., Paul E. T., & Benson R. (2004). The impact of demo-graphic heterogeneity and team leader-team member demo-graphic fit on team empowerment and effectiveness. Group and Organization Management, 29 (3), 334-369.
Bradley, L. K. & Benson R. (1999). Beyond self-management: Ante-cedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58-75.
Brooks, A. K. (1994). Power and the production of knowledge: Col-lective team learning in work organizations. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 5(3), 213-235.
Brown, L. (1983). Managing conflict at organization interfaces. Reading, Massachusetts: Addision-Wesley.
Breaugh, J. A. (1999). Further Investigation of the Work Autonomy Scales: Two Studies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13 (3), 357-365.
Breaugh, J. A. (1998). The development of a new measure of global work autonomy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58 (1), 119-129.
Breaugh, J. A. (1988). The Work Autonomy Scales: Additional Valid-ity Evidence. Human Relations, 42 (11), 1033-1057.
Breaugh, J. A., Becker & Alene, S. (1987). Further Examination of the Work Autonomy Scales: Three Studies. Human Relations, 40(6), 381-400.
Breaugh, J. A. (1985). The Measurement of Work Autonomy. Human Relations, 38 (6), 551-571.
Burke, W. (1986). Leadership as empowerment others, executive power. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 51-77.
Campion, M. A., Medsker, G.J. & Higgs, A.C. (1993). Relations be-tween work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implica-tions for designing effective work group. Personnel Psychol-ogy, 46(3). 823-850.
Chatman, J. (1991). Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Administrative Sci-ence Quarterly, 36(3), 459-484.
Child, J. (1773). Predicting and understanding organization structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 18(2), 168.
Collins, R. (1988). Theoretical Sociology, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Re-view, 13(2), 471-482.
Coombs, R. W. (1987). Accounting for the Control of Doctors: Man-agement Information Systems in Hospitals. Accounting, Or-ganizations and Society, 12(4), 389-405.
Cooney, R. (2004). Empowered self-management and the design of work teams. Personnel Review. 33(5), 677-693.
Corsun, D. L., & Enz, C. A. (1999). Predicting psychological empow-erment among service workers: the effect of support-based re-lationships. Human Relations, 52(2), 205-224.
Coser, L. A. (1956). The Function of Social Conflict. New York: The Free Press.
Cosier, R., & Rose, G. (1977). Cognitive conflict and goal conflict ef-fects on task performance. Organizational Behavior and Hu-man Performance, 19(2), 378-391.
Cox, K. B. (2003). The effect of intrapersonal, intragroup, and in-ter-group conflict on team performance effectiveness and work satisfaction. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 27(2), 153-164.
Darraugh, B. (1991). Basics of employee empowerment. American Society for Training and Development, 6(1), 1-12.
Dessler, G. (1984). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
DeChurch, L. A., & Marks, M. A. (2001). Maximizing the benefits of task conflict: The role of conflict management. International Journal of Conflict Management, 12(1), 4-23.
Deutsch, M. (1990). Psychological roots of moral exclusion. The Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 21.
Deutsch, M. (1969). Conflict: Productive and destructive. Journal of Social Issues, 25(1), 7-41.
Donovan, M. (1994). The empowerment plan. Journal for Quality and Participation, 17(4),12-14.
Dwyer, D. J., & Ganster, D. C. (1991). The effects of job demands and control on employee attendance and some suggested soultions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(4), 595-608.
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
Evan, W. (1965). Conflict and performance in R&D organizations. Industrial Management Review, 7(1), 37-46.
Everett, C. J., Smith, R. E., & Williams, K. D. (1992). Effects of team cohesion and identification on social loafing in relay swim-ming performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23(2), 311-324.
Ford, R.C., & Fottler, M. O. (1995). Empowerment: A matter of de-gree. The Academy of Management Executive, 9(3), 21-31.
Frese, M., & Zapf, D. (1994). Action as the core of work psychology: A German approach. In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizaitonal psychology, 4 (pp. 271-340). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Fried, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (1987). The validity of the job characteristics model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 40(2), 287-322.Galbraith, J. R. (1982). Designing the innovat-ing organization. Organizational Dynamics, 10(4), 5-25.
Fuller, J. B., Morrison, R., & Jones, L. (1999). The effect of psycho-logical empowerment on transformational leadership and job satisfaction. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 389-392.
Garson, B. E. & Stanwyck, D. J. (1997). Locus of control and incen-tive in self-managing teams. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 8(3).
Callanan, G. A. & Jeffrey, H. G. (1996). The role of goal setting in ca-reer management. Human Resource Management International Digest, 4(1), 17-20.
Gustafson, J. P., Cooper, L. L., Nancy C. & Ringler, K. (1981). Coop-erative and Clashing Interests in Small Groups. Part II. Group Narratives. Human Relations, 34(5), 367-379.
Hackman, J. R. & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 259-286.
Hackman, J. R. & Morris, C. G.. (1975). Group tasks, group interac-tion process, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 45-99.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the de-sign of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Halaby, C. N., & Wekliem, D. L. (1989). Worker control and attach-ment in the firm. American Journal of Sociology, 95(3), 549-591.
Handy, Charles B. (1986). Understanding Organizations. Penguin Books, New York.
Hosmer, L. T. (1995). Trust: The connecting link between organiza-tional theory. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 379-404.
Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 256-283.
Jehn, K. A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimen-sions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quar-terly, 42(3), 530-557.
Jehn, K. A., & Chatman, J. A.(2000), The influence of Proportional and Perceptual conflict composition on team performance. The International Journal of Conflict management, 11(1), 56-73.
Jehn, K. A., & Sham, P. P.(1997). Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,72(4), 775-790.
Jehn, K. A. & Thatcher, M. B. (1997). To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, individual demographic dissimi-larity, and conflict on workgroup outcomes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 8(4), 287-306.
Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group per-formance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 238-251.
Kahle, D. (2000). Teaching your organization to learn. Agency Sales Magazine, 30(9), 61-64.
Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9(2), 131-146.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1966). The social psychology of organiza-tions. New York: Wiley, 140.
Katz, R. (1977). The influence of group conflict on leadership effec-tiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 20(2), 256.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, P. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. P., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Study in role conflict and role ambiguity. New York: John Wiley.
Keller, R.T., Julian, S.D. & Kedia, B.L. (1996). A multinational study of work climate, job satisfaction, and the productivity of R&D teams. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 42(1), 48-55.
Kopelman, R. E. (1985). Job redesign and productivity: A review of the evidence. National Productivity Review, 4(3), 237-255.
Lennon, M. C. (1994). Women, work, and well-being: The importance of work conditions. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(3), 235-247.
Lewis, J. D. & Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a Social Reality, Social Force, 63(4), 967~985.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Sparrowe, R. T. & Braway, L. (1993). Em-powerment and effectiveness study: Feedback report. Center for Human Resource Management. University of Illinois.
Liden, R. C. & Tewksbury, T .W. (1995). Empowerment and work teams. Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher, 386-403.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of mediating role of psychological empowerment on the rela-tions between the job, interpersonal relationships, and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 407-418.
Liden, R. C. & Arad, S. (1996). A power perspective of empowerment and work groups: Implications for human resources manage-ment research. Research in Personal and Human Resources Management, 14(2), 205-251.
Loher, B. T., Noe, R. A., Moeller, N. L. & Fitzgerald, M. P. (1985). A Meta-Analysis of the Relation of Job Characteristics to Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(2), 280-290.
Lynn, H., & Susan, C. (2003). Empowerment, stress and satisfaction: An exploratory study of a call center. Leadership & Organiza-tion Development Journal, 24(3), 131-141.
Macher, K. (1988). Empowerment and the bureaucracy. Training and Development Journal, 42(9), 41-45.
Mainiero, L. A. (1986). Coping with powerlessness: The relationship of gender and job dependency to empowerment-strategy usage. Administrative Science quarterly, 31(4), 633-653.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust, Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and cognition-based trust as founda-tions for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59.
McHugh, P. P. (1997). Team-based work systems: Lessons from the industrial relations literature. Human Resource Planning, 20(3), 44-47.
McLeod, P.L., Lobel, S.A. & Cox, T. H. J. (1996). Ethnic diversity and creativity in small groups. Small Group Research, 27, 248-264.
Medina, F. J., Munduate, L., Dorado, M. A. Martínez, I. & Guerra, J. M.(2005). Types of intragroup conflict and affective reactions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(3), 219-231.
Miller, D. B. (1986). Managing professionals in research and devel-opment: A guide for improving productivity and organizational effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
Morgan, T. D. & Hunt, P. K. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationships Marketing, Journal of Marketing, 58, 20-38.
Mortimer, R. A. (1985). Mortimer, Robert A. The Third World Coali-tion In International Politics Review. International Perspec-tives, 8(33), 30-35.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Relations, 46(6), 759-776.
Neilsen, E. H. (1986). Empowerment strategies: Balancing authority and responsibility. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 78-110.
Ozer, E. M., & Bandura, A. (1990). Mechchanisms governing em-powerment effects: A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of Per-sonality and social psychology, 58(3), 472-486.
Passos, A. M. & Caetano, A. (2005). Exploring the effects of in-tragroup conflict and pass performance feedback on team ef-fectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(3), 231-245.
Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M. & Xin, K. R. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 1-29.
Peter F. Drucker (1995). Innovation and Entrepreneurship:practice and principles.
Peterson, D. R. (1983). Conflict. In close relationships, ed., Kelly, H. H. New York: Freeman, 360-396.
Peterson, R. S., & Behfar, K. J. (2003). The dynamic relationship be-tween performance feedback, trusts, and conflict in groups: A longitudinal study. Organizational Behavior and Human Deci-sion Processes, 92(12), 102-118.
Pearson, A.W., Ensley, M.D., & Amason, A.C. (2002). “An Assess-ment and Refinement of Jehn’s Intergroup Conflict Scale.” The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(2), 110-126.
Priem R. L., & Price, K. H. (1991). Process and outcome expectation for the dialectical inquiry, Devil’s advocacy, and consensus techniques of strategic decision-making. Group and Or-ganiz-tion Studies, l6(2), 206-225.
Pondy, L. R. (1967). Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(2), 296-320.
Porter, T. W. & Lilly, B. S. (1996). The Effects of Conflict, Trust and Task Commitment on project team performance. International Journal of Conflict Management, 7(4), 361-376.
Rahim, A. (1980). Some contingencies affecting interpersonal conflict in Academia: A multivariate study. Management International Review, 20(2), 117-130.
Resser, C., & Lopper, M. (1978). Management: The key to or-ganiza-tional effectiveness. Glenview, Illinois: Scott Foresman & Company.
Riccardo, & Patrice R. (2001). Delivering customer-oriented behav-iour through empowerment: An empirical test of HRM as-sumptions. The Journal of Management Studies, 38 (6), 831.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-153.
Robbins, S. P. (1974). Managing Organizational Conflict: A Nontra-ditional Approach. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Robbins, S. P. (1992). Organizational behavior: Concepts, controver-sies, and applications (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Robert, C., Probst. T. M., Martocchio, J.J., Drasgow F., & Lawer, J.J. (2000). Empowerment and continuous improvement in the unites ststes, Mexico, Poland, and India: Predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 643-658.
Roger, N. & Karen, L. H. (2003). The effects of culture and cohesive-ness on intragroup conflict and effectiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(5), 613.
Rosenhan, D. L., Underwood, B. & Moore, B. (1975). Affect moder-ates self-gratification and altruism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(3), 546-552.
Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S. & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-405.
Russell, C., Deborah, E. R. & Zinta, S. B. (2003). The relationship of emotional exhaustion to work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of applied Psy-chology, 88(1), 160-168.
Saavedra, R., Earley, P. C., & Van D. L. (1993). Complex interde-pendence in task-performing groups. Journal of Applied Psy-chology, 78(1), 61-73.
Sawyer, S. (2001). Effects of intragroup conflict on packaged software development team performance. Information System Journal, 11, 155-178.
Scandura, T. A., & Graen, G. B. (1984). Moderating Effects of Initial Leader-Member Exchange Status on the Effects of a Leader-ship Intervention, Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 428-436.
Shah, P., & Jehn, K. (1993). Do friends perform better than acquaint-ances? The interaction of friendship, conflict and task. Group Decision and Negotiation, 2(1), 149-166.
Shaw, M. E. (1981). Group dynamics: The psychology of small group behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schermerhorn, J. R. (1996). Management (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 348-351.
Siegall, M., & Gardner, S. (2000). Contextual factors of psychological empowerment. Presonnal Review, 29(6), 703.
Sirkin, H. L. (1993). The employee empowerment scam. Training & Development Journal, 46(2), 11-12.
Sims, H. P. Jr, Szilagyi, A. D. & Keller, R. T. (1976). The measure-ment of job characteristics, 19(2), 195-213.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1992). When organzations dare: The dynamics of in-dividual empowerment in the workplace. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Michigan. Ann Arbor. MI.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Man-agement Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psycho-logical empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483-504.
Spreitzer, G. M., Kizilos, M. A., & Nason, S. W. (1997). A dimen-sional analysis of the relationship between psychological em-powerment and effectiveness, satisfaction, and strain. Journal of Management, 23(5), 679-704.
Spreitzer, G. M., De Janasz, S. C., & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Empowered to lead: The role of psychological empowerment in leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(4), 511-527.
Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Congnitive elements of empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 666-681.
Thomas, K, & Tymon, W. (1994). Does empowerment always work: Understanding the role of intrinsic motivation and personal in-terpretation. Journal of Management Systems, 6(3), 86-94.
Thomas, K. W. (1976). Conflict and conflict management. In M. D. Dunnette (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand Mcnally.
Thomas, L. R. & Kenneth, W. T. (1976). Support for a two dimen-sional model of conflict behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1(16), 145-167.
Tjosvold, D. (1991). Rights and responsibilities of dissent: Coopera-tive conflict. Employee Responsibilities and Rights journal, 4(1), 13-23.
Van De Vliert, E., & De Dreu, C. (1994). Optimizing performance by conflict stimulation. International Journal of Conflict Man-agement, 5(1), 211-222.
Verderber, R. F., & Verderber, K. S. (1995). Inter-act using interper-sonal communication skills. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Williams, M. (2001). In whom we trust: Group membership as an af-fective context for trust development, Academy of Manage-ment Review, 26(3), 377-396.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top