臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

甲苯二異氰酸酯與矽氧化合物(KBM-603)氟化合物(Fluoro-compound)與其他添加劑反應成水性PU接著劑之分子的結構，已經 FT-IR光譜證實。在水溶液中，水性PU接著劑的表面張力會隨矽氧化合物濃度之增高而變大，這是因為吸附在水溶液表面上的非極性排列較整齊之故。實驗結果顯示，水性PU接著劑的黏度和平均分子粒徑會隨矽氧化合物或是氟化合物濃度之增高而變大，原因是水性PU接著劑分子上的極性基的相互作用，而使得水性PU接著劑的黏度和分子的平均粒徑變大。實驗結果也指出，水性PU接著劑薄膜的拉應力(tensile strength)會隨氟化合物濃度之增高而變小，這是因為水性PU接著劑分子本身的作用力增強，結果導致水性PU接著劑薄膜的拉應力變小。在相同的實驗條件下，水性PU接著劑薄膜的伸長率(elongation)會分別隨矽氧化合物和氟化合物濃度之增高而變小，這是因為水性PU接著劑分子本身的作用力(intramolecular interaction)增大，使得分子形成緊縮形或微泡型的結構，因而造成水性PU接著劑薄膜的伸長率變小。
水性PU接著劑薄膜的硬度，條件會分別隨著矽氧化合物和氟化合物濃度增高而變硬。這可能是因為分子排列較整齊之故。而水性PU樹脂薄膜的透濕度條件也會分別隨氟化合物和矽化合物濃度增高而變大，這是因為接枝在水性PU樹脂分子上的極性基增多之故。含矽化合物的PU接著劑薄膜的透濕度要比含氟化合物的PU接著劑薄膜的透濕度高，這是因為含矽化合物的極性基要比含氟化合物的極性基多之故。至於改變氟化合物之濃度而固定其他組成成分，所合成的水性PU接著劑薄膜的剝離強度條件會隨氟化合物之濃度增高而變大，這可能是因為水性PU接著劑分子主鏈上的極性基增多，而使得分子的架橋力增強之故。

The reaction of toluene diisocyanate with fluoro compound , silicon compound and other additives to form the conformation of water-based PU adhesive has been proven by IR spectra . In aqueous solution , the surface tension of water-based PU adhesive increased with increasing concentration of the fluoro compound . This is because the hydrophobics adsorbed at the surface of water became even more ordered. Experimental results showed that both viscosity and average particle size for water-based PU adhesive molecule in aqueous solution clearly increased with increasing concentration of silicon compound or fluoro compound , as a result of the intermolecular interaction of the hydrophobics linked to water-based PU adhesive molecules . Experimental results also indicated that the tensile strength of the film made by the water-based PU adhesive molecule decreased with increasing concentration of the fluoro compound . The strong intramolecular interaction of the water-based PU adhesive molecule itself resulted in decreasing the tensile strength of this film . Under the same experimental condition , the elongation of the film made by the water-based PU adhesive molecule apparently decreased with increasing concentration of the silicon compound and the fluoro compound , respectively . This maybe due to compact conformation or micelle structure formed , resulting from the strong intramolecular interaction . That the elongation of the film decreases .

The hardness of the film made by the water-based PU adhesive molecule appeared to become harder as the concentration of the silicon compound and the fluoro compound , respectively .

This is because the arrangement of the molecules becomes even more ordered . Apparently , the water-vapor permeability to the film made by the wayer-based PU adhesive molecule was seem to increase with increasing concentration of the fluoro compound and the silicon compound respectively , as a result of more hydrophilics attached to the backbone of the water-based PU molecule .However , the water-vapor permeability was better for the silicon-based PU adhesive ionomer than for the fluror-based PU adhesive ionomer . Since the silicon-based PU adhesive ionomer has more hydrophobic groups , therefore the water-vapor permeability of the film increases . It clearly indicated that the peel strength of the film made by the water-based PU adhesive molecule increased with increasing concentration of other ingredients . This may be due to increased crosslinking capability resulting from more hydrophilic groups linked to the backbone of the PU ionomer molecule .

中文摘要………………………………………………………….........i~ii
英文摘要…………………………………..………………………..iii~iiii
第一章 前言……….…………………………………………………….1
第二章 理論部分….…………………………………………………….3
2.1PU離子體…………………………………………………………….4
2.1-1 PU離子體的合成反應…………………………………………….6
2.2 原料………………………………………………………………….8
2-2-1 異氰酸酯（Isocyanate）…………………………………………8
2.2-2 多元醇（Polyol）………………………………………………….16
2.2-3 鏈延長劑(linkage extender)……………………………………...17
2.2-4 催化劑(catalyst)………………………………………………….18
2.2-5內部乳化劑(Internal emulsifiers)………………………………...19
2.2-6 架橋劑……………………………………………………………21
2.2.-7 溶 劑 的 選 擇………………………………………………...22
2.3 PU離子體的製造…………………………………………………...23
2.3-1溶液法(solution process)…………………...……………………..23
2.3-2預聚物混合法(prepolymer mixing process)……………………...24
2.3-3熱熔法(melt dispersion process)……………………………….....25
2.4水性PU的製造方法有兩種……..…………………………………27
2.4-1丙酮製程………………………………………………………….28
2.4-2預聚物混合法(prepolymer mixing process)……………………….29
2.5離基聚合反應…………………………………………………….30
2.5-1開始過程(Initiation)………………………………………………30
2.5-2 生長過程(Growth;Propagation)…………………………………31
2.5-3終結過程(Termination )………………………………………….31
2.6接著劑……………………………………………………………….33
2.6.1 接著劑的應用……………………………………………………33
2.6.2 接著劑之選擇……………………………………………………34
2.6.3 黏著理論…………………………………………………………35
2.6.4 黏著機制…………………………………………………………37
2.6.5 水性PU黏著劑的物性…………………………………………40
2.6.6 黏著強度…………………………………………………………42
第三章 實驗部份………………………………………………………43
3.1實驗之分析儀器設備………………………………………………43
3.1-1實驗裝置………………………………………………………….43
3.1-2 分析儀器………………………………………………………...44
3.1-3實驗藥品………………………………………………………….45
3.2水性溶液製備…………………………………….…………………47
3.2-1 水性PU樹脂乳液之薄膜之製備…………………………..….48
3.3物性之測試…………………………………………………………49
3.3-1 紅外線光譜儀之測試……………………………………………49
3.3-2 表面張力之測試（Wilhelmy法）…………………………...……50
3.3-3 黏度之測試………………………………………………………51
3.3-4 機械性質之測試…………………………………………………52
3.3-5 平均粒徑及擴散係數之測試……………………………………54
3.3-6 黏著之測試……………………………..……………………..…55
3.3-7 水性PU中透濕度之測試方法…………………………………58
第章四、結果與討論……………………………………………………59
4.1 IR光譜探討…………………………………………………………59
4.2 物性之探討………………………………………………………...66
4.2-1表面張力(Surface tension)之探討……………………………….66
4.2-2黏度(Viscosity) 之探討…………………………………………70
4.2-3硬度(Hardens) 之探討…………………………………………74
4.2-4拉應力(Tensile strength)之探討……………………………….76
4.2-5伸長率(Elongation)之探討…………………………………….…80
4.2-6平均粒徑(Number average particle)之探討…………………….84
4.2-7剝離強度(Peel strength)之探討………………………………... 97
4.2-8透溼度(water-vapor permeability)之探討………………...101
4.2-9吸濕度(Water absorption)之探討…………………………..105
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………..109
參考文獻………………………..……………………………………..111

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