臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

十九世紀以來，作為探討生物及其環境之關係的生態學與地理學有相當緊密之關係，地理學常是生態學的奠基性科學。當代人文取向之地理學，尤其是段義孚所創建的人文主義地理學，強調地理學是研究作為人的「家」的地球之科學，使得與作為「家學」（oikos-logos）的生態學更為靠近，也更能激發生態學的人文性。生態學為了回應生態危機乘勢興起，然而生態學總是關注在應對各種生態危機或環境問題，以修補人所破壞的自然，卻忽略應當尋求一個更根本的對人與自然、地球甚至宇宙之關係的真確理解。沒有這樣的理解，生態學無能徹底地根除解決生態或環境問題，因為生態或環境問題不是「生態」或「環境」的問題，而是「人的生態」或「人的環境」的問題，不從人與生態或環境的關係著手，無法發現真正問題之所在。而段義孚的人文主義地理學研究恰巧彌補了生態學對於人和其環境關係了解之不足。本研究第一章稍微簡述地理學和生態學的發展脈絡，並其中所蘊涵相當類同的學科關注，並論述生態學與段義孚的人文主義地理學如何作為一種「家學」，並此種學科取徑對於當代環境保護或生態保育理論與實踐發展之意義；第二章到第五章概述段義孚對於人與其所身處各個層次環境關係之討論；第六章總結人文主義地理學對人與其身處環境關係之檢視，並思考作為「家學」的生態學發展之可能性。透過段義孚的人文主義地理學的研究，本論文意圖指出唯在將自然環境視為「家」的前提下，解決生態環境危機才是可能的，作為「家學」的生態學也才有意義。

Ecology and geography have a certain degree of kinship in the history of discipline development, especially the interest in the relationship of creature, including man, and its habitats. While Yi-Fu Tuan established his humanistic geography and stressed that geography is the study of the earth as human home, ecology as a science of home(oikos-logos) and geography has become more closely. In our time, ecology rose mostly for solving eco-crisis and environmental problems, but it always focused on various ecological and environmental issues and just tried to repair the damaged ecosystem or nature, ignoring the understanding of the real relationship between man and nature, earth, even the universe. Without such understanding, ecology is unable to solve eco-problems, because these problems are not the matter of ecology or environment at all, but the matter of man. Humanistic geography that established by Yi-Fu Tuan happens to make up for the lack of such understanding. In this study, the first chapter describes the history and relationship of geography and ecology, and tries to describe how these two disciplines shall be the same science of earth as our home form different perspective. Chapter 2 to 5 describes the study of Yi-Fu Tuan‘s humanistic geography on the relationship of man and his environment in all aspects—from nature, environment, and place to placelessness. Chapter 6 discusses the potential for ecology as “a science of home”. This study will point out that only as man take nature, earth, even the universe as home, he will clearly aware the relationship between himself and nature or environment, and thus he will capable to preserve this Home and to solve all the eco-crisis, i.e. the crisis of Home.

目錄
段義孚著作縮寫表
第一章 導論 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
1.1生態危機時代的自然/世界觀 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.2生態學作為「家學」---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.3從地理學到生態學到：歷史的發展 ----------------------------------------------------------------11
1.4作為人的「家」學的人文主義地理學 ------------------------------------------------------------ 15
1.5人文主義地理學的限制 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
1.6本研究目的 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27
第二章 自然與自然觀 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
2.1人與自然環境 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
2.2人為建構世界 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
2.3人造世界 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
2.4穩定的悖論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
2.5結論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
第三章 環境與Topophilia ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
3.1感官知覺 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
3.2抽象思考能力 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------70
3.3種族中心 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------76
3.4個人世界：個人差異與偏好 --------------------------------------------------------------------78
3.5文化與環境態度 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
3.6環境與環境態度 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
3.7 Topophilia與環境 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 91
3.8環境與Topophilia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
3.9宇宙觀——從宇宙到地景 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
3.10理想城市和超越的象徵 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 109
3.11小結 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
第四章 空間—地方與地方感 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
4.1經驗 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 121
4.2感覺經驗 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 123
4.3身體、空間價值與人際關係 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 126
4.4空曠與擁擠 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
4.5空間能力、知識與地方 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 134
4.6神話空間與地方 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 138
4.7建築空間與自覺 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 143
4.8地方的親密經驗 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149
4.9依戀家園 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 155
4.10可見度：創造地方 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161
4.11小結 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168
第五章 無地方與宗教 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173
5.1景觀——自在或恐懼？ --------------------------------------------------------------------- 175
5.2神聖空間與神聖地方 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 176
5.3地理學與宗教相似然而差異之處 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 180
5.4神聖力量 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183
5.5地方的衰微 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 188
5.6是宗教地理學或者只是人的地理學？ --------------------------------------------------------------191
5.7宗教與地理學——地方到無地方，物質結構到精神結構 ------------------------------------------------ 201
5.8何謂真宗教？ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207
5.9小結 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211
第六章 結論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 215
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