臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在討論歸納新難題，亦即歸納的描述問題，重心放在韓佩爾的驗證弔詭、古德曼的歸納新謎題、蒯因的自然類，以及韓佩爾、古德曼、蒯因、費特森和薛富勒等人的解決方案。從語法、語意和語用三個層面分析與比較各種解決方案，顯示古德曼的投射理論與蒯因的自然類理論是較合理的方案。兩者都涉及語用層面。
關鍵字：驗證、觀察報告、可投射的、確立性、自然類、相似性。

The purpose of the thesis is to discuss the new problem of induction. It means the description problem of induction. It focuses on confirming paradox of Hempel, new riddles of induction of Goodman, natural kind of Quine, and the solution project of Hempel, Goodman, Quine, Fitelson、Scheffler and so on. With syntax, semantics, and pragmatics to analyze and compare to every solution project, it shows the projection theory of Goodman and the natural kind theory of Quine are more reasonable projects than the others. Both of them involve pragmatics.
Key words: confirm, observation report, projectible, entrenchment, natural kind, similarity.

序論..........................................2
第一章 韓佩爾的驗證弔詭.....................7
第一節　　等值條件和驗證關係..................8
第二節　　費特森的解決方案....................12
第三節　　薛富勒的解決方案....................24
第四節　　結論................................25
第二章 古德曼的綠藍論證.....................27
第一節　 似法則的概念.........................27
第二節　 實際投射.............................29
第三節　　可投射性............................30
第四節　 可投射度的比較.......................33
第五節　　述詞的可投射度與熟悉度..............35
第三章 蒯因的自然類概念.....................37
第一節　　類與其他區分東西方法的關係..........37
第二節　　相似性及類與歸納法的關係............41
第四章 韓佩爾、古德曼和蒯因解決方法之比較...45
第一節　　韓佩爾，古德曼和蒯因彼此方法的異同..45
第二節　　從語言的三個面向來分析..............47
第三節　　自然類與歸納法的存在必要性..........55
第四節　　自然類歷久彌新......................58
結論..........................................60
參考書目......................................61

參考書目
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Fitelson, Branden. 2005. “The Paradox of Confirmation”, Philosophy Compass 1: University of California-Berkeley.
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―――. 1985. “Introduction: What Is Naturalistic Epistemonlogy?” in Kornblith (1985).
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Quine, W.V. 1969. “Natural Kind”, Essays in Honor of Carl G Hempel, reprinted in Kornblith (1987), edited by Nicholas Rescher et al., Dordrecht-Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company (1970).
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