臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

耗損品是存貨種類中的一種，近年來開始受到專家學者的探討與重視，在現實的生活裡，耗損品的研究是很重要的，因為牛奶、血液、藥品和蔬菜會嚴重的耗損。所謂耗損是指效用逐漸減少的現象，如商品的毀損、變質、蒸發、逐漸過時、失效或喪失邊際價值。如果在管理的存貨中有耗損品，則存貨模式的建構也必須加入耗損率，否則將很難獲得正確的存貨模式，所得到的最佳訂購數量與物料補貨區間，也將失去其準確性。
本研究主要探討在產品有耗損性並假設需求具價格敏感的環境中，零售商如何因應消費者價格敏感需求的變化，求解最佳的產品訂價及物料補貨區間，以獲得最佳利潤。研究方法主要採用存貨模式，與相關機率和統計理論為基礎，建立問題之數學模式，並以最大利潤為目標，運用最佳化理論找出最佳的產品售價、物料補貨區間。之後用個案說明本論文建立模型的應用情形，並對重要參數進行敏感度分析，以提供零售商因應消費者需求變化的最適政策決定之依據。

Deteriorating items are a kind of inventory and is being paid attention to by the scholar in recent years. Researches in deteriorating items are important because in real life, such as milk, blood, drug, food and vegetables do deteriorate significantly. Deterioration is defined as decay, damage, spoilage, evaporation, obsolescence, loss of utility or loss of marginal value of a commodity that results in decreasing usefulness from the original one. If there are deteriorating items in the stock, deterioration must be considered in the inventory model, otherwise it will be difficult to obtain the correct inventory model, and we will lose the accuracy of the economic order quantity and the replenishment interval.

This research addresses that how the retailer responds the change of consumer’s price-sensitive demand. The purpose of this study is to derive the optimal pricing, replenishment interval, and to obtain maximum profit in the environment which products will deteriorate and the demand is price sensitive. Research methodology of the model development is based on inventory theory, probability and statistic theory. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are carried out to illustrate the application of the model, and provide the help for the retailer to make decision.

目錄

中文摘要.....................................................................I
英文摘要.....................................................................II
誌謝....................................................................... III
目錄....................................................................... IV
表目錄..................................................................... VI
圖目錄.....................................................................VII
第一章 緒論..................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機...........................................................1
1.2 研究目的與範圍...........................................................2
1.3 研究方法與步驟...........................................................3
1.4 論文章節概要.............................................................4
第二章 文獻探討..............................................................6
2.1 一般存貨相關獻...........................................................6
2.2 耗損性存貨相關獻.........................................................7
2.21 需求率固定之損耗性訂購模式..........................................9
2.22 考慮顧客等待率與允許缺貨之模式......................................9
2.3 價格敏感需求相關文獻....................................................10
2.3.1 考慮整合行銷作業模式..............................................11
2.3.2 加成取價模式......................................................12
第三章 價格敏感需求及不允許缺貨下耗損品之經濟訂購模式.......................13
3.1 模式之基本假設..........................................................13
3.2 模式符號說明............................................................14
3.3 訂購週期內之存貨水準....................................................15
3.4 模式之推導..............................................................16
3.5 範例說明................................................................19
3.6 敏感度分析..............................................................20
3.6.1 各已知參數對商品最佳訂購數量的敏感度分析..........................20
3.6.2 各已知參數對商品最佳銷售價格的敏感度分析..........................24
3.6.3 各已知參數對週期時間的敏感度分析..................................28
3.7 當耗損品售價變動時對需求量之影響........................................30
第四章 價格敏感需求及允許缺貨下耗損品之經濟訂購模式.........................31
4.1 模式之基本假設..........................................................31
4.2 模式符號說明............................................................32
4.3 訂購週期內之存貨水準....................................................33
4.4 模式之推導..............................................................34
4.5 範例說明................................................................38
4.6 敏感度分析..............................................................40
4.6.1 各參數對商品最佳訂購數量的敏感度分析..............................40
4.6.2 各已知參數對商品最佳銷售價格的敏感度分析..........................44
4.6.3 各已知參數對週期內正存貨區間、週期內負存貨區間與週期時間的敏感度分
析................................................................47
第五章 價格敏感需求之不允許缺貨及允許缺貨下耗損品之經濟訂購模式比較.........55
第六章 結論與未來研究方向...................................................57
6.1 結論....................................................................57
6.1.1 敏感度分析結論簡示圖..............................................58
6.2 貢獻....................................................................60
6.3 未來發展................................................................61
參考文獻....................................................................62
作者簡介....................................................................65




表目錄

表3.1 各參數對商品最佳訂購數量的敏感度析..................................20
表3.2 各參數對商品最佳訂購數量的變異比例分析..............................21
表3.3 各參數對商品最佳銷售價格的敏感度分析................................24
表3.4 各參數對商品最佳銷售價格的變異比例分析..............................25
表3.5 各參數對週期時間的敏感度分析........................................28
表3.6 各參數對週期時間的變異比例分析......................................28
表4.1 各參數對商品最佳訂購數量的敏感度分析................................40
表4.2 各參數對商品最佳訂購數量的變異比例分析..............................41
表4.3 c2變動時對應 Im、Is、Q*的敏感度分析................................43
表4.4 各參數對商品最佳銷售價格的敏感度分析................................44
表4.5 各參數對商品最佳銷售價格的變異比例分析..............................44
表4.6 各參數對正存貨區間、負存貨區間及週期時間的敏感度分析.................47
表4.7 各參數對正存貨區間的變異比例分析....................................48
表4.8 各參數對負存貨區間的變異比例分析....................................49
表4.9 各參數對週期時間的變異比例分析......................................51
表4.10 i變動時對應 t1、T- t1、T的敏感度分析................................53
表4.11 c2變動時對應 t1、T- t1、T的敏感度分析.................................54
表5.1 兩種模型中之各數據的比較...........................................55
表6.1 各參數對產品售價（s）、週期時間（T）及訂購數量（Q*）的敏感度分析.........58
表6.2 各參數對產品售價（s）、週期時間（T）、訂購數量（Q*）、週期內正存貨區間（t1）
及週期內負存貨區間（T-t1）的敏感度分析...............................59




圖目錄

圖1.1 論文研究架構.........................................................5
圖3.1 需求率隨時間變動及不允許缺貨下之存貨水準與時間的關係圖..............15
圖3.2 θ、b變動時對應最佳訂購數量之變化....................................21
圖3.3 T、a、A、i變動時對應最佳訂購數量之變化.............................22
圖3.4 a、b變動時對應最佳銷售價格之變化....................................25
圖3.5 θ、i、a、T、A變動時對應最佳銷售價格之變化...........................26
圖3.6 θ、b、i、a、A變動時對應週期時間之變化...............................29
圖4.1 需求率隨時間變動及允許缺貨下之存貨水準與時間的關係圖................33
圖4.2 各參數變動時對應最佳訂購數量之變化..................................41
圖4.3 c2變動時對應Im、Is、Q*之變化..........................................43
圖4.4 a、b變動時對應最佳銷售價格量之變化..................................45
圖4.5 θ、T、c2、i、A變動時對應最佳銷售價格之變化............................45
圖4.6 各參數變動時對應週期內正存貨區間的變化..............................48
圖4.7 各參數變動時對應週期內負存貨區間的變化..............................50
圖4.8 各參數變動時對應週期時間之變化......................................51
圖4.9 i變動時對應t1、T- t1、T之變化..........................................53
圖4.10 c2變動時對應t1、T- t1、T之變化.........................................54

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