臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究之研究目的旨在分析高雄縣市分局內之外勤員警因個人特質不同遇到工作壓力時所形成之反應。警察工作情況較為特殊，面對的危險及壓力也非一般人可以比擬，當員警在工作時遇到了壓力，若無法作好適度的調適，則就有可能造成各種不同程度的情緒反應，包括生理上、行為上與心理上的症狀。
本研究是以量化為主、質化為輔，量化部份係以高雄地區之二線四星以下之警務人員為研究對象，進行比例抽樣，發出500份問卷，有效問卷為363份，有效回收率為72.6%。質化方面訪談人數共有八位。實證結果發現，在內外控人格特質方面，高雄縣市地區的外勤員警內控性格的比例皆較高，佔67.2%，而高雄縣市內外控人格特質對工作壓力及壓力反應均有顯著差異。在高雄縣市人口統計變項對工作壓力認知上無差異，說明高雄地區外勤員警在人口統計變項方面對工作壓力的看法是相近的。而對壓力反應的認知上僅在年齡部分有顯著差異， 46-55歲對於壓力的反應最大，在區域上的比較得知，高雄市地區與高雄縣地區之員警對工作壓力及壓力反應的認知近似。而質化訪談部份中得知，受訪者之工作壓力是以角色壓力最多，而壓力反應則是大多以心理層面的壓力反應為主，訪談結果充分支援量化部份的發現。

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among locus of control personal traits, work stress, and stress reactions of policemen in Great Kaohsiung area. The uniqueness of the police work brings a good deal of danger and stress to policemen when they are in duty; therefore, if they are unable to cope with stress effectively, various negative reactions such as physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms could be arisen .
The present study adopted quantitative and qualitative research methods. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed with 363 responses returned (return rate 72.6%). 8 person were interviewed. The results indicated that 67.2% of the respondents hold internal locus of control personal trait, and personal traits were factors affecting their reactions to work stress. Age was found to be a factor affecting perceptions toward work stress and stress reactions. Among the age groups, 46 to 55 years of age had greatest stress reactions than their counterparts. The results of interviews supported the quantitative research findings. In addition, the conclusion drawn from the interviews stated that the most serious work stress, perceived by the interviewees, was work role stress while psychological symptoms were the major reactions to work stress

目 錄
第壹章 緒 論.......................................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機..............................................1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題...........................................4
第三節 研究範圍與研究對象...........................................4
第四節 研究流程....................................................6
第貳章 文獻探討.....................................................7
第一節　 人格特質的定義、理論與相關研究 ...............................7
第二節　　工作壓力的定義、理論與相關研究...............................15
第三節　　壓力反應的定義、理論與相關研究...............................26
第參章 研究方法....................................................36
第一節 研究設計...................................................36
第二節 　 研究架構...................................................37
第三節 研究假設...................................................38
第四節　 研究變項之操作性定義及衡量方法...............................38
第五節 研究對象與抽樣方法..........................................40
第六節 研究工具...................................................41
第七節 統計資料分析...............................................44
第八節 質性研究...................................................47
第肆章 實證結果與分析..............................................51
第一節 正式問卷之信度檢驗分析......................................51
第二節 敘述性統計分析.............................................51
第三節 因素分析..................................................56
第四節 推論性統計分析.............................................60
第五節 質性資料分析...............................................73
第伍章 結論與建議..................................................86
第一節 研究結論...................................................86
第二節 研究建議...................................................89
第三節 研究貢獻...................................................90
第四節 研究限制...................................................91
參考文獻............................................................92
一．中文部分.........................................................92
二．英文部分.........................................................93
附錄一 預試問卷....................................................99
附錄二 正式問卷...................................................103
附錄三 訪談問題...................................................107
附錄四 質性訪談逐字稿.............................................108
附 表 目 錄
第壹章
表1-1 各種職業工作壓力大小..........................................3
第貳章
表2-1 國外學者對人格的定義...........................................8
表2-2 國外學者對特質的定義..........................................10
表2-3 內外控信念與工作壓力之實證研究.................................12
表2-4 國外學者對壓力的定義..........................................17
表2-5 國外學者對工作壓力的定義......................................18
表2-6 壓力後果的各層面.............................................29
第參章
表3-1 工作壓力源量表...............................................42
表3-2 壓力反應量表.................................................43
表3-3 各構面之前測信度分析結果......................................45
第肆章
表4-1 正式問卷之信度檢驗分析結果....................................51
表4-2 性別的樣本統計...............................................52
表4-3 年齡的樣本統計...............................................52
表4-4 學歷的樣本統計...............................................53
表4-5 婚姻狀況的樣本統計............................................53
表4-6 職位的樣本統計...............................................54
表4-7 階級的樣本統計...............................................54
表4-8 地區的樣本統計...............................................54
表4-9 工作壓力因素之平均數與標準差...................................55
表4-10 壓力反應因素之平均數與標準差...................................56
表4-11 高雄基層警察工作壓力之構面.....................................58
表4-12 高雄基層警察壓力反應之構面.....................................60
表4-13 性別對工作壓力之差異分析......................................61
表4-14 年齡對工作壓力之差異分析......................................61
表4-15 學歷對工作壓力之差異分析......................................62
表4-16 婚姻狀況對工作壓力之差異分析...................................62
表4-17 職位對工作壓力之差異分析......................................63
表4-18 階級對工作壓力之差異分析......................................63
表4-19 地區對工作壓力之差異分析......................................64
表4-20 性別對壓力反應之差異分析......................................64
表4-21 年齡對壓力反應之差異分析......................................65
表4-22 學歷對壓力反應之差異分析......................................65
表4-23 婚姻狀況對壓力反應之差異分析...................................66
表4-24 職位對壓力反應之差異分析......................................66
表4-25 階級對壓力反應之差異分析......................................67
表4-26 地區對壓力反應之差異分析......................................67
表4-27 內外控人格特質對工作壓力之差異分析..............................68
表4-28 內外控人格特質對壓力反應之差異分析..............................68
表4-29 工作壓力對壓力反應之影響迴歸分析...............................69
表4-30 工作壓力對心理反應之影響迴歸分析...............................69
表4-31 工作壓力對行為與生理反應之影響迴歸分析..........................69
表4-32 組織結構與氣氛對壓力反應之影響迴歸分析..........................70
表4-33 家庭生活休閒對壓力反應之影響迴歸分析............................70
表4-34 工作時間負荷對壓力反應之影響迴歸分析............................71
表4-35 角色壓力對壓力反應之影響迴歸分析...............................71
表4-36 受訪者基本資料表.............................................73
表4-37 跨個案之工作壓力整合表........................................83
表4-38 跨個案之壓力反應整合表........................................84
附 圖 目 錄
第壹章
圖1-1 研究流程圖...................................................6
第貳章
圖2-1 職業壓力模式.................................................21
圖2-2 工作壓力與工作表現關係曲線圖...................................24
圖2-3 壓力反應之生理、心理與社會面...................................28
第參章
圖3-1 本研究研究架構...............................................37
圖3-2 本研究質性資料分析圖..........................................49

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