臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文為設計與製作ISM-Band 2.4GHz（Industrial, Scientific and Medical band）射頻接收模組之電路，電路製作針對低成本、縮小體積為原則。電路製作包含：低雜訊放大器、帶通濾波器、平衡式混波器與振盪器。其中低雜訊放大器電路設計利用電晶體BFG425W製作出高增益與低雜訊的特性，其放大增益為16.68dB、雜訊指數為1.95dB；在濾波器的製作方面，使用缺陷型接地結構之帶通濾波器，因為缺陷型接地結構之共振特性可以在不額外增加體積之前提產生低通響應以抑制混附波，此濾波器特性為中心頻率為2.4GHz，頻寬比約為11%，插入損失為-2.60dB，返回損失為-31.5dB；單平衡式混波器的製作則是使用枝幹型耦合器、二極體與低通濾波器來完成，其轉換增益為-31.67dB，隔離度LO-RF值為8.066dB，LO-IF值為18.32dB，RF-IF值為21.78dB，1dB壓縮點約為–13dBm；振盪器的製作則是運用BFR505電晶體，其中電路所使用的電容利用實測建構之元件S2P檔，可正確地掌握其振盪頻率，設計振盪頻率在2GHz。輸出功率5.326dBm，其相位雜訊約-93.12 dBc/Hz@100kHz。

In this thesis, the circuit design and fabrication of the radio frequency receiver for ISM-Band 2.4 GHz (Industrial, Scientific and Medical band) were carried out under the consideration of low cost and small size, including a LNA, a bandpass filter, a mixer and an oscillator.
In the implemented low noise amplifier (LNA), the Phillips transistor BFG425W is used and the characteristics include the gain 16.68 dB, and the noise figure 1.95 dB. In the designed bandpass filter, a novel meander-line bandpass filter with a microstrip configuration is proposed applying a defected ground structure (DGS) with the advantages of small size and spurious suppression performance. The investigated filter is implemented on FR4 substrate for the following frequency characteristics: central frequency fo = 2.4 GHz, and the insertion losses S21 of negative 2.60 dB, return losses S11 of negative 31.5dB. The designed single-balanced mixer performs conversion gain -31.67 dB, LO-RF isolation 8.066dB, LO-IF isolation 18.32dB, RF-IF isolation 21.78dB and 1dB compression point -13dBm. The implemented oscillator operates at 2GHz using Phillips BFR505 transistor with its output power 5.326 dBm, and phase noise -93.12 dBc/Hz@100kHz.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 論文概述 1
第二章 射頻接收端架構基礎原理與定義 3
第三章 濾波器 5
3.1 濾波器工作原理 5
3.2 開迴路共振器之耦合結構 6
3.2.1 開迴路共振器之電場耦合 6
3.2.2 開迴路共振器之磁場耦合 9
3.3 缺陷型接地結構之低通濾波器 13
3.4 結合缺陷性接地結構之帶通濾波器 16
3.5 結論 21
第四章 低雜訊放大器 22
4.1 低雜訊放大器之工作原理 22
4.2 低雜訊放大器設計 22
4.2.1 雜訊指數 22
4.2.2 穩定度 24
4.2.3 增益 25
4.3 電路製作 26
4.4 電路量測結果 27
4.5 結論 28
第五章 振盪器 30
5.1 振盪器基本原理 30
5.2 振盪器之基本組成 31
5.2.1 主動元件 31
5.2.2 回授電路 32
5.2.3 共振器 33
5.3 相位雜訊 33
5.4 振盪器設計 35
5.5 振盪電路量測 37
5.6 結論 37
第六章 混波器 39
6.1 混波器之工作原理 39
6.2 轉換損耗或轉換增益 39
6.3 隔離度 39
6.4 混波器設計 40
6.5 混波器量測 42
6.6 結論 45
第七章 結論 46
參考文獻 47
附錄A：TRL校準技術的理論基礎 49
附錄B：收錄投稿於各研討會論文 57

[1]Jia-Sheng Hong and Michael J. Lancaster, “Couplings of microstrip squareopen-loop resonators for cross-coupled planar microwave filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 2099-2109, Dec. 1996.
[2]D. Ahn, J. S. Park, C. S. Kim, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, “A design of the low-pass filter using the novel microstrip defected ground structure,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 49, pp. 86–93, Jan. 2001.
[3]Jang-Sik Yoon; Jun-Goo Kim; Jun-Seok Park; Choen-Seok Park; Jae-Bong Lim; Hong-Gu Cho; Kwang-Yong Kang; “ A new DGS resonator and its application to bandpass filter design” Microwave Symposium Digest, 2004 IEEE MTT-S International, Volume: 3, 6-11 June 2004, Pages: 1605 - 1608 Vol.3
[4]J-S. Park, J-S. Yun, and D. Ahn, " A design of the novel coupled line bandpass filter using defected ground structure with wide stopband performance," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory, and Techniques, VOL.50, N0.9, pp.2037-2043, Sep. 2002.
[5]Xian-Chang Lin; Ling-Teng Wang; “A wideband CPW-fed patch antenna with defective ground plane” Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004, IEEE, Volume: 4, 20-25 June 2004, Pages: 3717 - 3720
[6]Jeong, Y.C.; Lim, J.S.; “A Novel Frequency Doubler Using Feed forward Technique and Defected Ground Structure” Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Volume: 14 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 2004, Pages:557 – 559
[7]Jun-Seok Park; Myeong-Sub Jung; Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE, Volume: 14, Issue: 5, March 2004, Pages :198 – 200
[8]V. Radisic, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, “Broad power amplifier using dielectric photonic bandgap structure,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol.8, pp. 13–14, Jan. 1998.
[9]J. S. Lim, H. S. Kim, J. S. Park, D. Ahn, and S. Nam, “A power amplifier with efficiency improved using defected ground structure,” IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 170–172, Apr. 2001.
[10]Jun-Seok Park; Myeong-Sub Jung; “ A novel defected ground structure for an active device mounting and its application to a microwave oscillator” Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Volume: 14, Issue: 5, March 2004, Pages: 198 – 200
[11]孔繁喜，應用於DCS 1800 系統之低雜訊放大器設計與製作，碩士論文，逢甲大學電機所，台中，民國88 年6 月。
[12]A. R. Shanani, D. K. Shaeffer and T. H. Lee, “A 1.5 V 1.5 GHz CMOS Low Noise Amplifier, ”IEEE J .Solid-State Circuits, vol.32,No. 5, pp. 745 to 759, May 1997.
[13]Reinhold Ludwig and Pavel Bretchko, “RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications,” chapter 10, Prentice Hall, 2000.
[14]Jwo-Shiun Sun, “Design A Frequency Synthesizer For Mobile Communication System,” Microwaves & RF, pp.63-72, November 2000.
[15]謝志遠，應用於數位無線通訊平衡式降頻器之設計與分析，碩士論文，逢甲大學電子所，台中、民國91年6月。
[16]G. F. Eegen and C. A. Hoer “Thru-reflect-lime: an improved technique forcalibrating the dual six port automatic network analyzer “IEEE pp987-993 , 1979
[17]H.J. Eul and B. Schiek “A self-calibration concept for establishing the complex measurement ability of homodyne network analyzer ”IEEE pp284-289 ,1990
[18]H.J. Eul and B. Schiek ”A generalized theory and new calibration procedures for network analyzer self-calibration” IEEE pp724-731 ,1991
[19]R.R.Pantoja M.J. Howes, J.R. Richardson and R.D. Pollard “Improved calibration and measurement of the scattering parameter of microwave integrated circuits” IEEE pp 1675-1680 1989