臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

1984，Bennett及Brassard引用量子具有無法複製之特性，提出量子金鑰交換協定(BB84)。不久之後，該協定被Shor和Preskill証明可達到絕對安全之目的。此後，越來越多學者專家投入量子密碼之研究。因為BB84具有絕對安全之特性，所以許多網路傳輸協定採用BB84。但是BB84協定屬於機率式的金鑰分配協定且平均每次完成時可能要浪費一半左右的量子位元。為改善上述的缺點本論文採用Bennett的量子隱形傳輸機制，來設計了兩種快速的驗證機制。再與BB84做一比較，發現本論文所提之機制除可達到絕對安全之外，並能提高傳輸準確度。

1984, the famous quantum key exchange scheme (BB84) is proposed by Bennett and Brassard. However, they can not prove the security characteristic of BB84 scheme. Since then, more and more scholars invested the research of the quantum cryptography. Until 2000, Shor and Preskill proposed a simple proof method to prove that BB84 scheme has the unconditional security. To provide the unconditional security, BB84 protocol will waste about half of quantum bits to authenticate the identify each other. In order to improve the above drawback, two quantum key agreement protocols based on quantum teleportation are proposed in this paper. These proposed schemes are not only to reach the same security level as BB84 but also to improve the accuracy of transmitting.

目 次
摘要…………………………………………………………………………iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………v
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………vi
目次…………………………………………………………………………vii
表目錄………………………………………………………………………ix
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………x
第一章 前言 ………………………………………………………………1
第二章 傳統密碼與量子密碼介紹 ………………………………………3
2.1符號說明 ………………………………………………………………3
2.2 古典密碼理論…………………………………………………………5
2.3 雜湊函數………………………………………………………………5
2.4 量子計算………………………………………………………………6
2.5 量子密碼學……………………………………………………………10
2.6 量子量測………………………………………………………………11
2.7 量子糾纏態……………………………………………………………12
2.8 量子不可複製性………………………………………………………12
2.9量子單向函數 …………………………………………………………13
2.10 Bell基底或EPR對……………………………………………………14
第三章 量子金鑰分配 ……………………………………………………17
3.1 BB84傳輸理論與架構…………………………………………………17
3.1.1 BB84通訊協定………………………………………………………18
3.1.2 範例說明……………………………………………………………19
3.2量子隱形傳輸 …………………………………………………………21
3.2.1 隱形傳輸的方法……………………………………………………24
第四章 植基於量子隱形傳輸之安全快速金鑰交換協定 ………………27
4.1植基於量子隱形傳輸之金鑰交換協定一 ……………………………27
4.2植基於量子隱形傳輸之金鑰交換協定二 ……………………………28
第五章 分析與討論 ………………………………………………………31
第六章 結論與未來發展 …………………………………………………33
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………34

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