臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以聚苯乙烯及苯乙烯二乙烯基苯膠體粒子當作理想的膠體膠凝沈降系統，來探討不同粒徑膠體粒子分別在一價（NaCl）、二價（MgCl2）及三價（AlCl3）鹽類電解質溶液中及不同濃度條件下，藉由以離心機增加重力的方法來]探討其穩定度的變化及吸附膠凝的現象。其中，以考慮凡得瓦爾吸引力及電雙層排斥力的DLVO理論來討論，單一粒徑膠體粒子及不同粒徑的膠體粒子在等濃度混合的能障與穩定度關係。其次，我們也比較了不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混合時膠凝沉降凝集效率之理論值與實驗值做比較。最後，由比較穩定度的理論值與實驗值來觀察膠體表面電位對其穩定度的影響。
實驗結果發現在單一粒徑及不同粒徑的膠體溶液系統中其穩定度均會隨著電解質價數的增加而下降。而不同粒徑的膠體粒子在等濃度混合時的穩定度理論值會隨著NG的增加而增加。另外，當電解質濃度愈高和表面電位愈低時，理論值與實驗值的誤差將會減小。

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of electrolyte concentration and the gravity force (centrifugation force) on the stability ratio (the coagulation rate) of the colloidal solution of the polystyrene and styrene divinylbenzene latexes, at equal initial concentration but with different particle sizes in three different electrolyte solutions of NaCl、MgCl2 and AlCl3.The total interaction energy of DLVO theory, which composes of the van der waals attraction and the electrostatic repulsion energies, is applied to explain the experimental results mentioned above.
The stability ratio of colloidal suspension will decrease with the increase of the valence of the electrolytes, and will increase with the increase of the gravity force. The discrepancy between the theoretical predication and the experimental data becomes smaller with the increase of ionic strength of colloidal suspension and the decrease of colloidal potentials.

目錄

誌謝 I
摘 要 III
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
符號說明 XX


第一章　緒論 1
第二章　文獻回顧 3
膠體懸浮液的穩定性 3
膠體表面電荷的起源 4
臨界凝聚濃度(Critical Coagulation Concen- tration)－Schultz-Hardy定律 5
第三章 基本原理 11
3-1 快速凝聚理論 ……11
3-2 穩定度理論公式 12
3-3 濁度分析（Turbidity Analysis） 13
3-4 凝聚理論 18
3-4.1 電雙層交互作用能（Double-Layer Interaction Energy） ..18
3-4.2 膠體粒子間之倫敦-凡得瓦爾作用能（London-van der Waals dispersion forces） 19
3-4.3 慢速布朗凝聚實驗(28) 21
3-5 離心力與重力的關係 23
3-6 無因次重力數NG的計算(35) 24
第四章　沈降實驗 27
4-1實驗目的 27
4-2實驗材料 27
4-3實驗儀器及設備 28
4-4溶液的配製 29
4-5 實驗步驟 30
第五章　結果與討論 32
5-1 DLVO能障的影響 32
5-2　在不同重力下膠體粒子Stability Factor Wii實驗值 34
5-3　兩種不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混合之總穩定度Ｗmix的實驗值 38
5-4　不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混和膠凝沈降時之κ-NG穩定圖 42
5-4.1 表面電位（NR）的影響 42
5-4.2 電解質濃度（κ）的影響 43
5-5 不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混合膠凝沈降時之凝集效率 48
5-6 表面電位對膠體溶液穩定度的影響 53
5-7 膠體粒子在多價電解質溶液沈降的臨界凝聚濃度(criticle coagulation concentration)實驗值與理論值 54
第六章　結論 62
參考文獻 63
附錄Ａ不同粒徑膠體粒子在不同濃度電解質溶液的zeta potential.. 67
附錄B由DLVO理論計算不同粒徑膠體之全位能曲線 74
附錄C單一粒徑膠體粒子之膠凝穩定圖 83
附錄D不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混合之膠凝穩定圖 89
附錄E不同粒徑膠體粒子等濃度混合膠凝沉降時在不同重力值下的κ-NG圖 99
附錄F不同粒徑膠體等濃度混合膠凝沉降之理論凝集效率 103
附錄G本實驗所用之程式及其它參考資料 109
附錄H膠體溶液在顯微鏡4000倍下之膠體粒子吸附圖片……….….113

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