臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文係在25℃下以酸性萃取劑二(2-乙基己基)磷酸為載劑，煤油為稀釋劑之支撐液膜傳送分離硫酸鹽水溶液中重金屬銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ)離子之研究，藉由實驗結果來探討其在支撐液膜整個傳送過程中的現象。
在支撐液膜實驗結果中，發現銅和鎘的透過係數與進料相pH值、液膜中載劑濃度及進料相金屬離子濃度比有關；並且顯示鎘(Ⅱ)比銅(Ⅱ)具有競爭透過優勢，鎘(Ⅱ)的初始透過係數較銅(Ⅱ)高。隨著進料相初始pH值的增加，銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ)的初始透過係數均增加，而鎘(Ⅱ)的初始透過係數則增加較快。銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ)的初始透過係數也隨載劑濃度之增加而增加。此外，改變進料液銅鎘離子濃度比，由實驗結果發現銅(Ⅱ)與鎘(Ⅱ)的透過係數皆隨時間而遞減。可以證明銅(Ⅱ)與鎘(Ⅱ)存在著同時競爭的關係。至於分離效果部份，由實驗結果可發現，不論改變進料相pH值、液膜中載劑濃度及進料相金屬離子濃度比，其膜分離因數之值並不大且隨時間並無明顯改變

In this research, the transportation and separation of copper(2+) and cadmium(2+) ions in sulfate solutions through a supported liquid membrane were studied at 25℃. The carrier in the supported liquid membrane was di(2-ethylhexyl)- phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in kerosene. We investigated the phenomena during the transport processes in supported liquid membrane based on the experimental one.
The experimental results of supported liquid membrane indicated that the overall permeabilities of copper(2+) and cadmium(2+) were correlated with the pH value of feed phase, the carrier concentration in liquid membrane, and the ratios of metal ions concentrations in the feed solutions. Besides, it showed that the cadmium(2+) had higher initial permeability than the copper(2+). The initial permeability of both copper(2+) and cadmium(2+) increased with increasing of the initial pH of feed solution while the initial permeability of cadmium(2+) increased very fast. The initial permeability of copper(2+) and cadmium(2+) increased with increasing of the carrier concentration. In addition, changing the feeding fluid copper and cadmium concentration ratio, the experimental results showed that copper and the cadmium penetration coefficient all decreases accordingly. This indicates that here exists competition between copper(2+) and cadmium(2+) ions. As for separation effect the experimental results show that changing the pH value of feed phase, the carrier concentration in liquid membrane, or the ratios of metal ions concentrations in the feed solutions, essentially caused no big the values change of the membrane factor. And, furthermore, there factors did not change with time obviously.

目 錄

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1溶劑萃取 6
2.1.1 溶劑萃取簡介 6
2.1.2 溶劑萃取原理 6
2.1.3 萃取劑的選擇 8
2.1.4 萃取劑的分類 9
2.1.5 稀釋劑的用途與選擇 21
2.1.6 萃取劑---二(2-乙基己基)磷酸之簡介 23
2.1.7 重金屬銅、鎘之探討 25
2.2液膜分離技術 27
2.2.1 液膜分離之傳送模式 28
2.3支撐液膜傳送原理 30
2.4支撐液膜分離銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ)的理論模式 34
第三章 實驗部分 40
3.1實驗藥品及儀器 40
3.1.1 實驗藥品 40
3.1.2 實驗器材及儀器 41
3.2實驗方法 42
3.2.1 D2EHPA萃取劑的純化 42
3.2.2 液膜的製備 44
3.2.3 支撐液膜分離金屬離子的方法 45
3.3濃度校正 48
第四章 結果與討論 49
4.1支撐液膜傳送分離銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ) 49
4.2進料液pH值之影響 49
4.3載劑濃度之影響 55
4.4進料液銅(Ⅱ)和鎘(Ⅱ)混合比例之影響 74
第五章 結論 84
參考文獻 85
符號彙整 90

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