臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探究無政府主義的先驅William Godwin的《政治正義論》的核心概念，並嘗試指出其無政府主義思想下的教育觀對我們的啟示。本研究首先概略說明無政府主義，其次介紹葛德文所處的時代背景，接著分析葛德文《政治正義論》的核心概念，並輔以其對某些教育議題的見解，以勾勒出其教育觀點。本研究獲致的結論如下：

《政治正義論》作為葛德文最重要的著作，其主旨除揭示效益原則為其倫理學上的核心，其效益原則立基於人類的平等（包括生理與心理上的平等及道德上的平等）外，更重要的是提出其個人判斷的主張。在葛德文的思想中，個人判斷的主張較效益原則更具份量，亦即當效益原則所揭示的內容與個人判斷衝突時，他是以個人判斷為優先考量的對象，也可以說，個人判斷才是他思想中最重要的元素。而個人判斷的主張，也使他將個人理性提到最高的地位，透露出他對個人理性的樂觀和肯定，這樣的主張也充分反映在他的教育觀點中。

The study aims at exposing the main ideas of William Godwin, the pioneer of anarchism, in his Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and figuring out the implication for education. The study proceeded as follows: first, to summarize anarchism; second, to introduce the background of Godwin; third, to analyze the main ideas of Godwin in his Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and his comments on some educational events to outline his educational view points. The results are summarized as follows:

In Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, the most important writing of Godwin’s, Godwin not only reveals utilitarianism which is based on the equality of human beings (includes physical equality and moral equality) as the principle of his ethics, but also puts forward the idea of private judgment. In his thought, the idea of private judgment is more important than utilitarianism, and that means when one concept conflicts with another, he considers private judgment first. We can also say that the idea of private judgment is the most important element of his thought. The idea of private judgment makes him enhance the reason of human beings to the most high place and shows that his optimism and identity to it. This kind point of view also pervades in his educational thought.

第一章前言…………………………………………………… 1
第一節研究動機與目的……………………………………… 4
第二節研究方法與架構……………………………………… 7
第二章無政府主義…………………………………………… 9
第一節無政府主義思想概述………………………………… 10
第二節無政府主義思想的發展……………………………… 18
第三節無政府主義的代表人物……………………………… 22
第三章威廉．葛德文的《政治正義論》及其教育觀點…… 36
第一節葛德文的生平………………………………………… 36
第二節葛德文的《政治正義論》…………………………… 44
第三節葛德文的教育觀點…………………………………… 61
第四章結語…………………………………………………… 70
參考文獻……………………………………………………… 79
附錄—葛德文生平補充……………………………………… 88

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