臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水分補充與環境溫度對國中男學生三分鐘登階測試結果之影響

研究生：莊國禎
指導教授：郭家驊
摘 要
近年來，登階測驗已被廣泛的用來評估身體心肺適能的一種簡便工具。目前已知環境溫度與水分補充狀態會明顯影響運動的表現；然而，現今對於環境溫度與水分補充對於登階測驗的研究並不多，因此，本研究的主要目的想觀察有無水分補充與不同環境溫度下，對國中男學生三分鐘登階測試的影響。16位國中男學生(年齡: 14.25 ± 0.17 歲; 身體質量指數BMI: 21.2 ± 0.87)參與本研究。所有受試者分別在環境溫度20℃/濕度59 ± 0.3 %與32℃/濕度61 ± 0.1 %及前晚有正常補充水分與無補充水分四種情況下，進行三分鐘登階測試(每分鐘96拍)，並同時觀察其心跳恢復率(登階後2分鐘；3分鐘；4分鐘)與血乳酸濃度。我們的研究結果發現，不同溫度與有無水分補充狀況下並不會影響體重與BMI。在20℃溫度下實施三分鐘登階後的心跳恢復能力(physical index scores)明顯優於32℃運動時，但在不補充水分下，無論在高溫或低溫下進行三分鐘登階，其心跳恢復速率並不會受到影響。在血乳酸方面，分別比較四種不同溫度與有無水分補充介入後發現並無明顯差異。結論，本研究發現，在較高溫度下進行三分鐘登階測驗會減低國中男學生的心跳恢復率(physical index)。因此，建議未來在利用三分鐘登階測驗來評估心肺適能時，應考慮週遭環境溫度的一致性，對於未來施測後結果的比較與評估上將更為準確。

Effect of Hydration Status and Ambient Temperature on Three-Minute Step Test in Male Junior High School Students
Graduate Student ：Kuo-Chen Chuang
Advisor：Chia-Hua Kuo
Absract
Step-Test has been wildly used for evaluating health status in cardiopulmonary fitness. It is known that environmental temperature and individual hydration status can affect exercise performance significantly. However, there is less research to investigate the effect of those factors on results of Step-Test. The present study was to determine the effect of water supplement and environmental temperature on cardiopulmonary fitness test performance in male junior high school students. Sixteen male junior high school students (age: 14.25 ± 0.17 years; BMI: 21.2 ± 0.87) participated in current study. Subjects performed three-minutes Step-Test (96 steps per minute) with and without water supplement (overnight for 12 hours) at different environmental temperatures (high temp: 32 ℃/ humanity: 61 ± 0.1 %; low temp: 20 ℃/ humanity: 59 ± 0.3 %), and physical index was calculated by recovery heart rates (time point: post stepping 2 min, 3 min and 4 min). There are not difference in body weight and BMI after four treatments. Subjects performed three-minute step-test at low temperature exhibited significantly higher physical index scores(79.05±3.62) compared to at high temperature(72.6±3.62) in these four trails; However, No water supplement status also display the same result in physical index scores compared high temperature(69.98±3.25) with low temperature(80.72±2.92). We also found there was not difference in blood lactate after three-minute step-test in four treatments. In conclusion, we found that higher environmental temperatures significantly reduced physical index scores measured by three-minute Step-Test in male junior high school students. Thus, these data suggested that three-minute stepping cardiopulmonary fitness test (Step-Test) should be performed at consistent environmental temperature, and the results of this test could be comparable.

目 錄
頁次
論文考試審定書 ii
授權書 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 vi
誌謝 viii
目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
圖目錄………………………………………………………………….xii
附錄 xiii
第一章、緒論 1
第一節、問題背景 1
第二節、研究之重要性 3
第二章、相關文獻探討 4
第一節、三分鐘登階測試之簡介 4
第二節、高溫環境對運動反應的生理機制 7
第三節、水分補充差異對運動反應的生理機制 9
第四節、環境溫度與水分補充對三分鐘登階測驗結果可能影響.. 10
第五節、總結………………………………………………………..12
第参章、研究方法 13
第一節、實驗設計與人體受試者 13
第二節、三分鐘登階與乳酸測試 14
第三節、統計方法 14
第肆章、結果 15
第一節、受測者身體測量學基本資料 15
第二節、不同溫度與有無水分補充對體重身體質量指數之影響 15
第三節、不同溫度與有無水分補充對三分鐘登階測試後心跳率變
化情形 16
第四節、不同溫度與有無水分補充對心肺耐力指數之影響 19
第五節、不同溫度與有無水分補充對登階前後血乳酸之影響…..21
第伍章、討論 23
第一節、本研究之主要發現 23
第二節、不同環境溫度對三分鐘登階測試後心跳率之影響 24
第三節、水分補充與否對心肺耐力指數之影響 26
第四節、溫度與有水分補充狀態對心肺耐力指數之影響 27
第六章、結論 29
引用文獻 30
表目錄
表1-1、受試者基本資料…………………………………………….…15
表2-1、溫度與水分補充對體重與BMI之影響……………...……....16
表3-1、溫度與水分補充對於心肺指數變化率的影響……………….21
圖目錄
圖1-1、不同溫度與有無水份補充下進行三分鐘登階測驗，觀察其心跳
變化情形 ….…..18
圖2-1、在20℃與32℃環境溫度下觀察有補充水分與無補充水分對三
分鐘登階後心肺耐力指數的變化 20
圖3-1、在20℃與32℃環境溫度下比較有補充水分與無補充水分對三
分鐘登階前後血乳酸之變化 22
附 錄
附錄一、低溫補充水分原始資料 ..33
附錄二、低溫不補充水分原始資料………………………………….34
附錄三、高溫補充水分原始資料…………………………………….35
附錄四、高溫不補充水分原始資料………………………………….36

參考文獻
Astrand, P. O., & Rodahl, K. (1986). Textbook of Work Physiology - Physiological Bases of Exercise. Third Edition.: McGRAW-HILL,United States.
Cahalin, L., Pappagianopoulos, P., Prevost, S., Wain, J., & Ginns, L. (1995). The relationship of the 6-min walk test to maximal oxygen consumption in transplant candidates with end-stage lung disease. Chest, 108(2), 452-459.
Cheuvront, S. N., Carter, R., III, Castellani, J. W., & Sawka, M. N. (2005). Hypohydration impairs endurance exercise performance in temperate but not cold air. Journal of Apply Physiology, 99(5), 1972-1976.
Clausen, J. P. (1977). Effect of physical training on cardiovascular adjustments to exercise in man. Physiology Review, 57(4), 779-815.
Coyle, E. F., & Gonzalez-Alonso, J. (2001). Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: new perspectives. Exercise Sport Science Review, 29(2), 88-92.
Ekelung, L. G., & Holmgren, A. (1964). Circulatory and respiratory adaptation, during long-term, non-steady exercise, in the sitting position. Acta Physiology Scand, 62, 240-255.
Francis, K., & Culpepper, M. (1989). Height-adjusted, rate-specific, single-stage step test for predicting maximal oxygen consumption. Southern Medical Journal, 82(5), 602-606.
Fritzsche, R. G., Switzer, T. W., Hodgkinson, B. J., & Coyle, E. F. (1999). Stroke volume decline during prolonged exercise is influenced by the increase in heart rate. Journal of Apply Physiology, 86(3), 799-805.
Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Mora-Rodriguez, R., Below, P. R., & Coyle, E. F. (1995). Dehydration reduces cardiac output and increases systemic and cutaneous vascular resistance during exercise. Journal of Apply Physiology, 79(5), 1487-1496.
Ho, C. W., Beard, J. L., Farrell, P. A., Minson, C. T., & Kenney, W. L. (1997). Age, fitness, and regional blood flow during exercise in the heat. Journal of Apply Physiology, 82(4), 1126-1135.
Mazic, S., Zivotic-Vanovic, M., Igracki, I., Zivanic, S., & Velkovski, S. (2001). A simple and reliable step-test for indirect evaluation of aerobic capacity. Medicinski Pregled, 54(11-12), 522-529.
Montain, S. J., & Coyle, E. F. (1992). Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise. Journal of Apply Physiology, 73(4), 1340-1350.
Nadel, E. R., Fortney, S. M., & Wenger, C. B. (1980). Effect of hydration state of circulatory and thermal regulations. Journal of Apply Physiology, 49(4), 715-721.
Nybo, L., Jensen, T., Nielsen, B., & Gonzalez-Alonso, J. (2001). Effects of marked hyperthermia with and without dehydration on {V}O2 kinetics during intense exercise. Journal of Apply Physiology, 90(3), 1057-1064.
Rowell, L. B. (1974). Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiology Review., 54(1), 75-159.
Rowell, L. B. (1986). Human Circulation: Regulation During Physical Stress. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sawka, M. N., Francesconi, R. P., Pimental, N. A., & Pandolf, K. B. (1984). Hydration and vascular fluid shifts during exercise in the heat. Journal of Apply Physiology, 56(1), 91-96.
Sawka, M. N., Francesconi, R. P., Young, A. J., & Pandolf, K. B. (1984). Influence of hydration level and body fluids on exercise performance in the heat. Journal of the American Medical Association, 252(9), 1165-1169.
Sawka, M. N., Knowlton, R. G., & Critz, J. B. (1979). Thermal and circulatory responses to repeated bouts of prolonged running. Medicine of Science Sports, 11(2), 177-180.
Sawka, M. N., Young, A. J., Francesconi, R. P., Muza, S. R., & Pandolf, K. B. (1985). Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration levels. Journal of Apply Physiology, 59(5), 1394-1401.
St. Clair Gibson, A., Broomhead, S., Lambert, M. I., & Hawley, J. A. (1998). Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from a 20-m shuttle run as measured directly in runners and squash players. Journal of Sports Science, 16(4), 331-335.
林正常 (1995)。 運動生理學實驗指引。台北: 師大書苑有限公司。
鄭安城 & 林正常(1993)。登階測驗對最大耗氧量的預估研究。中華民國體育學會體育學報，32，327-339.