臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

以隨身聽收聽音樂已成為一種時尚風潮，然而最近的研究發現，長時間利用耳機聽隨身聽易導致聽力的退化。耳掛式耳機由於是開放式設計，因此對耳朵傷害較小，但是長時間配戴造型不合適的耳機，也將造成耳朵外觀的不舒適及疼痛，尤其以耳掛式耳機最為明顯。本研究目的是在探討市售耳掛式耳機對耳朵之舒適性評估，並針對耳型特徵及尺寸對於耳掛式耳機設計的影響進行探討。本研究於先期研究中，以主觀性評量問卷調查，對於不同耳型、耳長特徵的使用者進行實驗，結果顯示不同耳型對舒適度的影響並不顯著，其中耳長與耳機形式造成較顯著的影響。後續實驗則藉由3D 掃描耳朵外型並配合耳機3D 模型建立，進行耳朵與耳機之干涉分析，發現不同的耳機干涉部位差異極大，且受測者耳朵痛點與干涉位置相符。最後依據3D 掃瞄器所量測數據進行統計分析，將耳機設計變數定義為耳機長與寬，以改良耳機掛鉤設計，然後進行耳機使用者配戴舒適度評估。結果發現掛鉤小於耳型易造成壓迫疼痛，大於耳型尺寸之耳機寬度約4%、耳機長度約8%的掛鉤有較佳評價，本研究之結果期能提供耳掛式耳機的人因工程設計參考。

Music appreciation through the walkmans has become a fashion. Recent studies,however, indicate that long-term use of headphones may result in hearing deterioration.Being an open system, ear clip headphones are less harmless to the ear. But prolonged wearing of headphones that do not fit will cause discomfort and aching of the outer ear.This is especially true with ear clip headphones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comfortableness of the ears wearing ear clip headphones sold in the market. It also explores the impact of the features and sizes of the ear on design of ear clip headphones.During its preliminary research, this study through subjective questionnaire surveys conducts experiment with users of different pinna configurations and lengths. The outcomes indicate different pinna configurations do not significantly affect the degree of comfortableness. Meanwhile, the impact of pinna length and headphone shape is more significant. The follow-up experiment includes ear-headphone interference analysis through 3D scanning of pinna configuration in conjunction with establishment of 3D headphone models. Findings indicate that different headphones affect significantly different areas and that the aching point of test subject’s ears is identical to the interference position. The final stage involves statistical analysis of the 3D scanning data.The headphone length and width are defined as headphone design variables for improvement of ear clip headphones. Evaluation of wearing comfortableness of headphone users follows. The outcomes indicate ear clips smaller than the ear are prone to cause pressuring pain. Ear clips larger than the ear with a headphone width of about 4% and length of about 8% receive better evaluations. Findings of this study may serve as ergonomic references for design of ear clip headphones.

Abstract .............................................................................................................i
摘要..................................................................................................................ii
誌謝................................................................................................................ iii
目錄.................................................................................................................iv
圖目錄............................................................................................................vii
表目錄..............................................................................................................x
第一章序論......................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景................................................................................................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的....................................................................................................2
1.3 研究範圍及限制....................................................................................................3
1.4 研究架構與流程....................................................................................................3
第二章文獻探討...........................................................................................5
2.1 耳機配戴時引發疼痛及病變之原因探討..................................................5
2.2 耳機與使用者的關係............................................................................................8
2.3 耳機掛鉤的構造....................................................................................................8
2.4 耳朵的生理構造..................................................................................................11
2.4.1 耳朵局部型態...........................................................................................13
2.4.2 耳朵的神經分佈.......................................................................................16
2.4.3 耳朵的血管分佈.......................................................................................16
2.4.4 耳朵肌肉...................................................................................................17
2.4.6 耳朵外型...................................................................................................18
2.4.7 耳長尺寸分類..........................................................................................20
2.5 相關研究探討......................................................................................................21
2.6 小結......................................................................................................................22
第三章實驗設計.........................................................................................24
3.1 逆向量測儀器設備整合......................................................................................24
3.1.1 掃描器規格..............................................................................................24
3.2 逆向量測測試與結果..........................................................................................25
3.3 先期實驗..............................................................................................................26
3.3.1 實驗目的...................................................................................................26
3.3.2 實驗方法...................................................................................................27
3.3.3 實驗步驟及流程.......................................................................................27
3.3.4 實測及問卷...............................................................................................29
3.3.5 耳朵逆向掃描資料擷取...........................................................................30
3.3.6 量測結果與統計分析...............................................................................31
3.3.7 小結...........................................................................................................37
3.4 耳掛式耳機設計與製作......................................................................................38
3.5 耳朵尺寸量測分析..............................................................................................38
3.6 模型3D 建立及製作...........................................................................................39
3.7 實測及問卷..........................................................................................................39
第四章實驗計測.........................................................................................40
4.1 耳朵尺寸量測分析..............................................................................................40
4.2 模型3D 建立及製作...........................................................................................42
4.3 實測與問卷..........................................................................................................45
第五章結果與討論.....................................................................................47
5.2 迴歸與ANOVA 分析..........................................................................................48
5.3 最適實驗尺寸分析..............................................................................................56
5.4 討論......................................................................................................................58
5.4.1 符合耳型曲線的耳機舒適度關聯性.......................................................58
5.4.2 耳型尺碼關聯性......................................................................................59
第六章結論.................................................................................................60
第七章未來研究的建議.............................................................................61
參考文獻........................................................................................................62
附錄I：掛耳式耳機人因工程問卷調查(先期研究部分) ........................64
附錄II：掛耳式耳機人因工程問卷調查(實驗計測部分).......................66

1.Stoudt, H.W., (1981). The Anthropometry of the Elderly. Human Factors, 23, pp.29–37.
2.Clark, W.W., (1991). Noise exposure from leisure activities: a review. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Volume 90, Issue 1, July 1991, pp.175-181.
3.Sanders, M.S.& McCormick, E.J., (1992). Human Factors in Engineering and Design , 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill International Editions, New York.
4.Henry Dreyfuss Associates, (1993). The Measure of Man and Woman. The Whitney Library of Design. New York.
5.Case, H.W.& Gaeta, D.J., (1997). A Supplement to the 1995 matched anthropomentric database of U.S. marine corps personnel : Summary statistics. Technical Report NATICK/TR-97/015, U.S. ArmySoldier Systems Command, Natick Research,Development, and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts.
6.Wayner, D.S.,(1998). Can noise damage hearing? How to Cope with Hearing Loss.John Wiley Publishing. New York. pp.34-36.
7.Jung, Hwa S.& Jung, Hyung-Shik., (2002).Surveying the dimensions and characteristics of Korean ears for the ergonomic design of ear-related products, International Journalof Industrial Ergonomics, Volume 31, Number 6, June 2003, pp.361-373.
8.楊怡祥、楊怡和(譯) (1987)。耳科學圖譜: 形態圖解及計測值。台北：合記。(Nomura、Hiraide、Fumihisa trans. 1987)
9.行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所(1995)。勞工頭型模式之研究。IOSH-H322。台北：行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。
10.行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所(1997)。台灣地區勞工人體計測資料庫。IOSH86-H124。台北：行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。
11.許勝雄、彭游、水丕(譯) (1998)。人因工程。台北：麥格羅•希爾。(Sanders,M.S.,& McCormick, E.J. 1996)。
12.于台珊、張淑如、徐儆暉、盧士一（2002）。勞工聽力保護計畫指引（第三版）。台北：行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。
13.鋼鐵業勞工聽力損失評估及中美聽力常模之比較(2002)。張淑如。勞工安全衛生研究季刊第九卷第二期。
14.許家榮(2002)。利用3D 臉型資料庫設計呼吸面罩。未出版碩士論文。國立清華大學，新竹。
15.楊宜學(2003)。勞工3D 頭型資料庫之建立與頭部防護具之設計應用。未出版博士論文。國立清華大學，新竹。
16.林承哲(2002)。以三度空間腳型量測儀建立腳型尺碼分類系統。未出版碩士論文。國立清華大學，新竹。
17.唐偉閔(2003)。以輪廓為基的嬰兒頭形特徵分析與量測系統設計。未出版碩士論文。逢甲大學，台中。