臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

企業競爭激烈，面對產品需求大量變動，存貨管理在企業經營中扮演著相當重要的角色，存貨不足產生缺貨成本，而大量或過渡的存貨亦可能造成資金積壓，所以制訂存貨策略時，如何取得平衡對於公司營運上佔相當重要的一環。實務上，可發現一般系統的存貨紀錄皆存在誤差，而早期研究常忽略之，制訂出不正確之存貨策略，進而導致缺貨情形發生，抑制公司獲利空間，因此本研究考量二階層存貨系統中存貨紀錄的正確性，探討電子資訊系統導入單一階層或二階層時，系統紀錄存在誤差與否對制訂存貨策略、整體或局部供應鏈績效之影響。
本論文針對單一產品的二階層存貨系統，其中包含單一配銷中心與單一零售商，為考量存貨紀錄是否存在誤差，因而提出四種模式，分別為上下階層存貨紀錄不正確、下階層存貨紀錄不正確、上階層存貨紀錄不正確與上下階層存貨紀錄正確（當導入電子資訊系統時，該階層存貨紀錄正確），並採用兩種決策法則（兩階段法則與協同決策法則），以最小化二階層存貨系統總相關成本為目標，藉由程式搜尋找出最佳存貨策略。爾後，透過變動的需求量及需求變異與相關成本參數來進行研究，觀察趨勢變動對整體的影響。結果發現當二階層存貨系統皆導入電子資訊系統時，採用協同決策法則，使管理者能隨時掌控正確紀錄，得到最小化二階層總相關成本。

This study considers a two-echelon inventory system where inaccuracy of records on inventory exists. The inventory system is composed of one distributor and one retailer. The objective is to evaluate the effect of system related costs when improve inventory record accuracy of the system. Four models are constructed: the system where both echelons exhibit inventory inaccuracy, the systems where either the first echelon or the second echelon has inaccuracy inventory information and the system with perfect inventory record at both echelons.
Two decision strategies (sequential strategy and coordinated strategy) are discussed when searching for the best inventory policy based on the minimum total cost of the two-echelon inventory system. System-related cost functions for the four models are derived and a search algorithm for optimal replenishment policies is proposed. An intensive numerical study is conducted and the performance of the four models is compared and analyzed. It can be shown that system costs can be reduced significantly by improving inventory accuracy.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究假設 4
1.4 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 存貨系統補貨策略 7
2.1.1 連續盤存制 7
2.1.2 定期盤存制 8
2.2 多階層供應鏈管理 10
2.2.1 供應鏈管理 10
2.2.2 多階層存貨系統 12
2.3存貨紀錄正確性 14
2.3.1 存貨紀錄正確性之定義 14
2.3.2 存貨不正確之成因 14
2.3.3 改善存貨不正確之應用 15
2.4 RFID之定義與應用 17
2.4.1 RFID之定義 17
2.4.2 RFID應用 17
2.4.3 運用於供應鏈管理之相關文獻 21
2.5 小結 21
第三章 系統介紹與模式建構 22
3.1 系統介紹 22
3.2 研究假設與限制 27
3.3 四種模式共用符號 27
3.4 目標式 29
3.5 模式一 29
3.5.1 模式特殊相關符號 30
3.5.2 相關假設及補貨策略 30
3.5.3 二階層總相關成本計算 31
3.6 模式二 32
3.6.1 模式特殊相關符號 33
3.6.2 相關假設及補貨策略 33
3.6.3 二階層總相關成本計算 34
3.7 模式三 35
3.7.1 模式特殊相關符號 36
3.7.2 相關假設及補貨策略 36
3.7.3 二階層總相關成本計算 37
3.8 模式四 38
3.8.1 相關假設及補貨策略 39
3.8.2 二階層總相關成本計算 40
3.9 決策法則 41
3.9.1 兩階段決策法則 41
3.9.2 協同決策法則 44
3.10 小結 47
第四章 實例驗證與分析 49
4.1 程式介面操作說明 49
4.2 實驗範例與相關參數說明 52
4.2.1 環境與成本參數假設 52
4.2.2 實驗範例結果 54
4.3 案例的選用 55
4.4 存貨紀錄正確的實質效益 63
4.4.1 模式一與其他三種模式總相關成本比較 63
4.4.2 兩種決策法則比較 74
4.4.3 比較存貨紀錄正確為上階層與下階層帶來之實質效益 79
4.4.4 最佳存貨策略比較 82
4.5 敏感度分析 87
4.5.1 變動年平均需求 87
4.5.2 變動年需求標準差 89
4.5.3 變動第一階層誤差率 90
4.5.4 變動第二階層誤差率 92
4.5.5 變動第二階層訂購成本 94
4.5.6 變動第二階層存貨持有成本 95
4.5.7 變動第二階層缺貨成本 97
4.5.8 變動第二階層存貨折損成本 99
4.6 小結 100
第五章 結論與建議 104
5.1結論 104
5.2後續研究與建議 107
參考文獻 108
附錄一 115
附錄二 126

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