臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來通訊系統向著小型化、更大容量、多功能和智能化的趨勢發展，而相對微帶天線也就指向多頻帶及寬頻帶的特性發展。在本篇論文中，以一接近通訊頻率之傳統矩形微帶天線為研究的主軸，將各種幾何因子製作於微帶天線上，此幾何因子視為各單元天線，使得各單元天線間產生耦合作用，而影響天線所激發出來的頻寬與增益。在相同的輻射面積下，我們利用在輻射金屬面上或整面基板上塗敷不同金屬高分子材料來改變天線的共振耦合情形。其幾何因子材質、面積、尺寸、形狀、排列、相互間隙，而形成不同的激發模態，並進一步探討對通訊頻帶的影響。
幾何因子對微帶天線響應程度從實驗結果顯示，尺寸的效果與幾何因子材料有關，使用導電銀膠作幾何因子材質小尺寸共振能量集中效應比大尺寸來的大，而使用導電銅膠為幾何因子材料時結果卻相反。面積效應影響甚鉅，大面積塗附整個矩形微帶天線（不包含饋入線），幾乎造成整個微帶天線特性的改變。若是在矩形微帶天線輻射金屬片上製作幾何因子，不論幾何因子材料使用導電銅膠或銀膠，六角形幾何因子產生效應皆比其它形狀來的優。而若是在矩形微帶天線增加幾何因子總面積同基板大小時，每種形狀都造成很大的差異，且都改變原參考天線特性。另外，矩形及六角形對於高階模態有一些寬頻化的效應。幾何因子間隙與因子面積比在適當的條件下，將產生寬頻化效果，且共振能量集中於低頻。實驗結果發現，在矩形微帶天線輻射金屬片上製作矩形幾何因子，材質使用導電銀膠產生效應皆比使用導電銅膠來的大許多，尤其在低階模態。但若在矩形微帶天線輻射金屬片上製作三角形幾何因子，則導電銅膠效果優於導電銀膠，可能是材質與耦合極化的程度有關。三角幾何因子排列方式，不論編排成六邊形、漏斗形、蝶形排列，都會造成增益的效果。但六邊形排列共振能量集中至低階模態效應較大。

Communication systems are developing towards miniaturization, large capacity, multi-functional, and intelligent trend in recent years. The demands of low profile microstrip antenna with multifrequency bands and wide bandwidth are requested. In this paper, various geometry factors are printed on the radiation plane of rectangle microstrip antenna. Each of geometry factors is regarded as individual antenna unit. With the spacing of the geometry antenna decreasing, the coupling from the neighboring units arises and, therefore, some small units are coupled to be a larger unit. As a result, the frequency band and bandwidth are affected. The factors include geometry size, area, shape, spacing, materials, and arrangements are discussed.
The size of the geometry factor is related to the printing materials. Using conducting silver glue, the resonance energy concentrates in low frequency for small size unit. On the contrary, the resonanc expands in larger frequency range for Cu units. The printing area strongly determine the frequency response. Large area promote the frequency band and band width. Hexagon geometry factor causes the frequency response more profound than those of others. The rectangle and hexagon geometries have the effect of broading bandwidth especially for high order modes. The spacing of the geometry factor increase the coupling effect, and cause the bandwidth broadening and concentrate in low frequency range. Using the Ag glue, the frequency response increase more than that of the Cu glue, especially in low frenquency. The Cu triangular unit shows the superior responses to the Ag unit. It might be related to the polarised degree in coupling. The arrangement of the triangular units affect the anttena gain no matter with the arrangements of grade hexagon, funnel shape, and butterfly shape. The resonance energy of six mao arrangement concentrates on low frequency mode.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iv
ABSTRACT v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
1.緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究背景與動機 1
1.3論文提要 3
2.文獻回顧 4
2.1天線基本理論及重要特性 4
2.1.1概述 4
2.1.2馬克斯威爾基本方程式 5
2.1.3指向性及增益 6
2.1.4阻抗及輻射效率 9
2.1.5極化 10
2.1.6互易定理 11
2.2微帶天線型式與寬頻化方法 14
2.2.1微帶天線的型式 14
2.2.2微帶天線寬頻化 15
2.3微帶天線的分析 17
2.3.1傳輸線模型理論 17
2.3.2空腔模型理論 21
2.3.3全波分析法 28
2.4微帶天線陣列與耦合效應 34
2.4.1微帶天線之耦合效應 34
2.4.2天線陣列方向圖乘積定理 37
3.實驗方法與量測 41
3.1實驗規劃 41
3.1.1微帶天線設計 42
3.1.2微帶天線製作 43
3.1.3幾何因子微帶天線製作 51
3.2量測儀器 54
4.實驗結果 56
4.1幾何因子尺寸對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 56
4.2幾何因子面積對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 63
4.3幾何因子形狀對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 73
4.4幾何因子間隙對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 88
4.5幾何因子材質對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 93
4.6三角幾何因子排列對微帶天線頻率及增益之影響 101
5.討論 105
5.1幾何因子尺寸效應 105
5.2幾何因子面積效應 106
5.3幾何因子形狀效應 107
5.4幾何因子間隙效應 109
5.5幾何因子材質效應 110
5.6幾何因子三角排列效應 111
6.結論 112
參考文獻 113
自傳 118

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