臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究目的：為比較新移民子女與本籍子女行為問題之差異，並探討雙親教養態度與孩童行為問題之關係。
材料方法：本研究隨機抽取台灣中部三縣(台中縣、彰化縣、南投縣)24所國民小學一至六年級之新移民子女為研究對象(n=391)，於同班級、同性別隨機抽取本籍孩童作為對照組(n=566)。孩童之行為問題以兒童行為檢核表之老師報告(Teacher’s Report Form, TRF)及父母報告(Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL)評估；而以雙親教養態度量表(Parental Bonding Instrument, PBI)由學童填答雙親教養相關問題。資料以卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子與雙因子變異數分析、邏輯斯迴歸加以分析。
結果：父母報告發現，新移民子女各種行為問題分數均較本籍子女高(t = -3.78, p<0.001)，但老師報告則差異僅限於退縮/憂鬱(t = -2.90, p=0.004)。但兩種報告(老師或父母)均不因新移民母親之原國籍(F = 0.82, p = 0.485; F = 1.67, p = 0.17)以及子女之年級(F = 0.49, p = 0.611; F = 0.43, p = 0.652)有所差異，但均與子女性別有關(t = -4.32, p <0.001, t = -3.35, p <0.001)。相較於本籍家庭，新移民子女填答之教養因素，父母親較缺乏關懷且較過度保護，但僅邊緣或無差異。控制相關因素之後，父母報告顯示，新移民子女較本籍子女具有較多的退縮/憂鬱(OR = 4.5, 95% C.I. = 2.5-8.4)、抱怨身體不適(OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.3-4.7)、思考問題(OR = 2.9, 95% C.I. = 1.3-6.6)、違規行為(OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.1)、內化行為(OR = 2.1, 95% C.I. = 1.0-4.1)與全行為OR = 2.3, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.0)問題，父親低關懷比高關懷有較多內化行為(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)與全行為(OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.1-0.8)問題，此外父親教育程度與社交問題(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)、
注意力問題(OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9)有關係。但老師報告結果在母親國籍與雙親教養因素，皆與孩童行為問題無顯著相關，僅發現在父親教育低程度較高程度有較高之內化行為(OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.7)與全行為(OR = 0.5, 95% C.I. = 0.2-1.0)問題。
結論：本研究得知母親國籍、父親關懷與父親教育程度，為影響孩童行為差異之重要因子，但影響老師和父母報告之因素有所不同，顯示出兒童行為在不同觀察者之間之多樣性。新移民家庭中，提升父親關懷是避免兒童行為偏差之可行方式。

Objectives: To compare whether the behavioral/emotional problems are different between children of immigrant and indigenous mothers. The associations of parental bonding with behavioral/emotional problems are also investigated.
Method: Subjects were recruited from 24 junior high schools in three counties of middle Taiwan (Taichung, Changhua and Nantou) where all (n=391) students of immigrant mothers were compared with 566 randomly selected same-sex classmates of indingeous mothers on behavioral/emotional problems. Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) and parents’ report form (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) were used to assess children’s behavioral/emotional problems. Parental bonding was assessed through students by filling out the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Chi-square statistics, independent-samples t tests, one-way/two-way ANOVA, univariate and multiple logistic regression models were conducted in the analyses.
Rusults: Scores of the majority of behavioral/emotional problems in children of immigrant mothers were significant higher than those of indingenous mothers according to parents’ reports (t = -3.78, p<0.001); whereas only withdraw/depressed showed a higher score among children of immigrant mothers in teachers reports (t = -2.90, p=0.004).
Additionally, both reports revealed that the behavioral/emotional problems were associated with gender of children (t = -4.32, p <0.001, t = -3.35, p <0.001) but not with the nationality of mother (F = 0.82, p = 0.485; F = 1.67, p = 0.17) and grade of children (F = 0.49, p = 0.611; F = 0.43, p = 0.652). Lower care scores and higher protective score of parents were found in families with immigrant mothers than those with indigenous mothers, but the differences were in borderline or insignificant. After controlling for potential confounding factors, children of immigrant mothers were found to have more Anxious/Depressed problems (OR = 4.5, 95% C.I. = 2.5-8.4) , Somatic Complaints problems (OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.3-4.7) , Thought problems (OR = 2.9, 95% C.I. = 1.3-6.6) , Rule-Breaking Behavior problems (OR = 2.4, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.1) , Internalizing syndromes (OR = 2.1, 95% C.I. = 1.0-4.1) and Total problems (OR = 2.3, 95% C.I. = 1.1-5.0) than those of indigenous mothers in parents’ reports. In addtion, children with high levels of father’s care were less to show Internalizing syndromes (OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9) and Total problems (OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.1-0.8). Father’s lower education level was associated with Social problems (OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9) and Attention problems OR = 0.4, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.9). For teacher’s reports, both mother’s nationality and parental bonding had no association with child behavioral problems, except for father’s low eductional level showing a significantly effect on
Internalizing syndromes (OR = 0.3, 95% C.I. = 0.2-0.7) and Total problems (OR = 0.5, 95% C.I. = 0.2-1.0).
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that mother’s nationality, father’s care and educational level are major determinants for children’s behavior problems, but they differ between teacher’s report and parents’ report. Increasing father’s care toward children of immigrant mothers may prevent the emergence of children’s behavioral/emotional problems.

目錄

第一章 前言
第一節 新移民現象之背景及族群介紹 …………………................................. 1
第二節 新移民之子女行為之相關議題 ………………………………………. 3
第三節 新移民家庭教養與子女之關係 ...………………………………. 4
第四節 教養因素對孩童行為問題之影響 ……………...................................... 6
第五節 影響新移民行為問題之其他相關因素 .……………………………... 7
第六節 研究目的 .……………………………………………………………... 9
第二章 研究方法與研究工具
第一節 研究設計與程序 ……………………………………………………... 10
第二節 研究工具 ……………………………………………………………... 11
第三節 統計分析 ……………………………………………………………... 14
第三章 結果
第一節 基本人口學資料 ……………………………………………………... 17
第二節 不同母親國籍之孩童於兒童行為及教養態度計分之差異 ……….. 18
第三節 人口學變項對於孩童內化行為、外化行為與全行為之影響 ……….. 19
第四節 不同性別、母親國籍與孩童行為之關係 …………………………… 20
第五節 不同性別、母親國籍在各孩童行為症候群之標準化T分數 ……..... 21
第六節 雙親教養因素對孩童行為之影響 …………………………………….. 22
第七節 不同母親國籍、雙親教養因素對孩童行為之影響 …………………... 23
第八節 不同母親國籍、雙親教養因素與相關因子與孩童行為之相關性 …... 24
第四章 討論與結論
第一節 兒童行為檢核表之信度探討……………………………………………. 27
第二節 新移民子女行為問題之盛行率…………………………………………. 27
第三節 性別在行為問題之差異……………………………………………......... 28
第四節 不同報告者所呈現孩童行為問題之比較………………………………. 29
第五節 父親教育程度對孩童子女行為之影響…………………………………. 30
第六節 新移民子女與本籍子女於行為問題之差異……………………………. 31
第七節 雙親教養因素對新移民子女行為問題之影響…………………………. 32
第八節 限制…………………………………………………………….. 34
第九節 結論…………………………………………………………….. 35
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………… 36
附錄一：新移民女性申請歸化程序………………………………………………….. 69
附錄二：老師填答之問卷……………………………………………………………... 70
附錄三：父母填答之問卷…………………………………………………………….. 74
附錄四：孩童填答之問卷……………......................................................................... 79






表目錄
表1 各量表之內部一致性……………………………………………………... 46
表2 學童母親國籍於中部三縣之分布統計情形……………………………... 47
表3 中部三縣國小一至六年級學童人口學資料之分布(依母親國籍別分)… 48
表4 台灣籍及新移民母親之一至六年級學童行為量表原始分數、雙親教養量表分數與教養型態分佈……………………………………………… 49
表5 新移民母親之不同國籍於樣本(一至六年級孩童)行為量表原始分數之差異……………………………………………………………………..… 50
表6 國小一至六年級研究樣本的原始行為分數於不同人口學變項之差異(老師報告)……………………………………………………………...… 51
表7 國小一至六年級研究樣本的原始行為分數於不同人口學變項之差異(父母報告)................................................................................................... 52
表8 由老師報告不同年級學童各行為症候群原始分數之平均值(標準差)按按母親國籍分….......................................................................................... 53
表9 由父母報告不同年級學童各行為症候群原始分數之平均值(標準差)按母親國籍分…............................................................................................. 54
表10 由老師報告之學童行為症候群原始分數按不同性別與母親國籍分並利用Two-way ANOVA檢定之差異……………………………………. 55
表11 由父母報告之學童行為症候群原始分數按不同性別與母親國籍分並利用Two-way ANOVA檢定之差異……………………………………. 56
表12 由老師報告之學童行為症候群標準化T分數按不同性別與母親國籍分 57
表13 由父母報告之學童行為症候群標準化T分數按不同性別與母親國籍分 58
表14 雙親教養之關懷、保護因素對老師報告之孩童行為症候群之影響….... 59
表15 雙親教養之關懷、保護因素對父母報告之孩童行為症候群之影響……. 60
表16 以Two-way ANOVA檢定不同母親國籍、父親教養因素對孩童行為症候群T分數之差異(老師報告)…………………………………………… 61
表17 以Two-way ANOVA檢定不同母親國籍、母親教養因素對孩童行為症候群T分數之差異(老師報告)………….……………………………....... 62
表18 以Two-way ANOVA檢定不同母親國籍、父親教養因素對孩童行為症候群T分數之差異(父母報告)……………………………………………

63
表19 以Two-way ANOVA檢定不同母親國籍、母親教養因素對孩童行為症候群T分數之差異(父母報告)…………………………………………… 64
表20 老師報告之孩童各行為問題於各變項間之單變項邏輯斯回歸模式…... 65
表21 父母報告之孩童各行為問題於各變項間之單變項邏輯斯回歸模式…... 66
表22 老師報告之孩童各行為問題於各變項間之多變項邏輯斯回歸模式…... 67
表23 父母報告之孩童各行為問題於各變項間之多變項邏輯斯回歸模式…... 68

Acevedo, M. C. (2000). The role of acculturation in explaining ethnic differences in the prenatal health-risk behaviors, mental health, and parenting beliefs of Mexican American and European American at-risk women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 111-127.
Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: VT: University of Vermont.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-age Forms & Profiles. Burlington: VT: University of Vermont.
Bayer, J. K., & Sanson, A. V. (2003). Preventing the development of emotional mental health problems from early childhood: Recent advances in the field. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 5, 4-16.
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: a process model. Child Development, 55, 83-96.
Bengi-Arslan, L., Verhulst, F. C., van der Ende, J., & Erol, N. (1997). Understanding childhood (problem) behaviors from a cultural perspective: comparison of problem behaviors and competencies in Turkish immigrant, Turkish and Dutch children. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 477-484.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S. J. (1994). Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: a bioecological model. Psychological Review, 101(4), 568-586.
Bornstein, M. H., & Cote, L. R. (2004). "Who is sitting across from me?" Immigrant mothers'' knowledge of parenting and children''s development. Pediatrics, 114, e557-564.
Bronstein, P. (1994). Patterns of parent-child interaction in Mexican families: A cross-cultrual perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Developmental Review, 17, 523-466.
Caron, A., Weiss, B., Harris, V., & Catron, T. (2006). Parenting behavior dimensions and child psychopathology: specificity, task dependency, and interactive relations. Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 34-45.
Clark, L. A., Kochanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). Mothers'' personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79, 274-285.
Crijnen, A. A., Achenbach, T. M., & Verhulst, F. C. (1997). Comparisons of problems reported by parents of children in 12 cultures: total problems, externalizing, and internalizing. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1269-1277.
Deater-Deckard, K., Atzaba-Poria, N., & Pike, A. (2003). Mother– and Father–Child Mutuality in Anglo and Indian British Families: A LinkWith Lower Externalizing Problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 609-620.
Deng, S., Liu, X., & Roosa, M. W. (2004). Agreement between parent and teacher reports on behavioral problems among Chinese children. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 25, 407-414.
Esparo, G., Canals, J., Torrente, M., & Fernandez-Ballart, J. D. (2004). Psychological problems and associated factors at 6 years of age: differences between sexes. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 7, 53-62.
Flouri, E., & Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of father involvement in children''s later mental health. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 63-78.
Guerrero, A. P. S., Hishinuma, E. S., Andrade, N. N., Nishimura, S. T., & Cunanan, V. L. (2006). Correlations among socioeconomic and family factors and academic, behavioral, and emotional difficulties in Filipino adolescents in Hawai''i. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52, 343-359.
Hall, L. A., Gurley, D. N., Sachs, B., & Kryscio, R. J. (1991). Psychosocial predictors of maternal depressive symptoms, parenting attitudes, and child behavior in single-parent families. Nursing Research, 40, 214-220.
Handwerk, M. L., Clopton, K., Huefner, J. C., Smith, G. L., Hoff, K. E., & Lucas, C. P. (2006). Gender differences in adolescents in residential treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 312-324.
Harrist, A. W., & Waugh, R. M. (2002). Dyadic synchrony: Its structure and function in children''s development. Developmental Review, 22, 555-592.
Javo, C., Ronning, J. A., Heyerdahl, S., & Rudmin, F. W. (2004). Parenting correlates of child behavior problems in a multiethnic community sample of preschool children in northern Norway. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 8-18.
Kaczynski, K. J., Lindahl, K. M., Malik, N. M., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2006). Marital conflict, maternal and paternal parenting, and child adjustment: a test of mediation and moderation. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(2), 199-208.
Kim, S. Y., & Ge, X. (2000). Parenting practices and adolescent depressive symptoms in Chinese American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 420-435.
Koblinsky, S. A., Kuvalanka, K. A., & Randolph, S. M. (2006). Social skills and behavior problems of urban, African American preschoolers: role of parenting practices, family conflict, and maternal depression. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 554-563.
Lavigne, J. V., Gibbons, R. D., Christoffel, K. K., Arend, R., Rosenbaum, D., Binns, H., et al. (1996). Prevalence rates and correlates of psychiatric disorders among preschool children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 204-214.
Levendosky, A. A., Leahy, K. L., Bogat, G. A., Davidson, W. S., & von Eye, A. (2006). Domestic violence, maternal parenting, maternal mental health, and infant externalizing behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 544-552.
Martorell, G. A., & Bugental, D. B. (2006). Maternal variations in stress reactivity: implications for harsh parenting practices with very young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 641-647.
McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., & Anderson, J. (1992). DSM-III disorders from age 11 to age 15 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 50-59.
Michalcio, S. P., & Solomon, C. R. (2002). The relationship between older and newer parenting categories and child behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 401-414.
Miller-Lewis, L. R., Baghurst, P. A., Sawyer, M. G., Prior, M. R., Clark, J. J., Arney, F. M., et al. (2006). Early childhood externalising behaviour problems: child, parenting, and family-related predictors over time. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 891-906.
Morag, M., Yirmiya, R., Lerer, B., & Morag, A. (1998). Influence of socioeconomic status on behavioral, emotional and cognitive effects of rubella vaccination: a prospective, double blind study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 337-351.
Moser, R. P., & Jacob, T. (2002). Parental and sibling effects in adolescent outcomes. Psychological Reports, 91, 463-479.
O''Leary, S. G., & Vidair, H. B. (2005). Marital adjustment, child-rearing disagreements, and overreactive parenting: predicting child behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 208-216.
Raadal, M., Milgrom, P., Cauce, A. M., & Mancl, L. (1994). Behavior problems in 5- to 11-year-old children from low-income families. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1017-1025.
Reti, I. M., Samuels, J. F., Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., III, Costa, P. T., Jr., & Nestadt, G. (2002). Influences of parenting on normal personality traits. Psychiatry Research, 111, 55-64.
Rudan, V., Begovac, I., Szirovicza, L., & Filipovic, O. (2002). Competence and behavioral/emotional problems in Croatian children--parents'' and teachers'' reports: pilot study. Collegium Antropologicum, 26, 447-456.
Rudan, V., Begovac, I., Szirovicza, L., Filipovic, O., & Skocic, M. (2005). The Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form and Youth Self Report problem scales in a normative sample of Croatian children and adolescents aged 7-18. Collegium Antropologicum, 29, 17-26.
Satake, H., Yoshida, K., Yamashita, H., Kinukawa, N., & Takagishi, T. (2003). Agreement between parents and teachers on behavioral/emotional problems in Japanese school children using the child behavior checklist. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 34, 111-126.
Scholte, E. M. (1992). Prevention and treatment of juvenile problem behavior: a proposal for a socio-ecological approach. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 20, 247-262.
Shek, D. T. (2001). Paternal and maternal influences on family functioning among Hong Kong Chinese families. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162, 56-74.
Shenoy, J., Kapur, M., & Kaliaperumal, V. G. (1998). Psychological disturbance among 5- to 8-year-old school children: a study from India. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 66-73.
Shin, J., Nhan, N. V., Crittenden, K. S., Hong, H. T., Flory, M., & Ladinsky, J. (2006). Parenting stress of mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 748-760.
Sowa, H., Crijnen, A. A., Bengi-Arslan, L., & Verhulst, F. C. (2000). Factors associated with problem behaviors in Turkish immigrant children in The Netherlands. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, 177-184.
Stevens, G. W., Vollebergh, W. A., Pels, T. V., & Crijnen, A. A. (2005). Predicting internalizing problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents in The Netherlands. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 1003-1011.
Stevens, G. W. J. M., Pels, T., Bengi-Arslan, L., Verhulst, F. C., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & Crijnen, A. A. M. (2003). Parent, teacher and self-reported problem behavior in The Netherlands: comparing Moroccan immigrant with Dutch and with Turkish immigrant children and adolescents. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 576-585.
Stevens, G. W. J. M., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Pels, T. V. M., & Crijnen, A. A. M. (2005). Predicting externalizing problems in Moroccan immigrant adolescents in the Netherlands. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 571-579.
Stormshak, E. A., Bierman, K. L., McMahon, R. J., & Lengua, L. J. (2000). Parenting practices and child disruptive behavior problems in early elementary school. Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 17-29.
Turnbull, A. P., & Ruef, M. (1996). Family perspectives on problem behavior. Mental retardation, 34, 280-293.
Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sanchez-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, M., & Mashunkashey, J. (2004). Parenting style of Mexican, Mexican American, and Caucasian-non-Hispanic families: social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 651-657.
Verhulst, F. C., Achenbach, T. M., van der Ende, J., Erol, N., Lambert, M. C., Leung, P. W. L., et al. (2003). Comparisons of problems reported by youths from seven countries. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1479-1485.
Verhulst, F. C., Prince, J., Vervuurt-Poot, C., & de Jong, J. (1989). Mental health in Dutch adolescents: self-reported competencies and problems for ages 11-18. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 356, 1-48.
Vollebergh, W. A., M., Dekovic, M., Oosterwegel, A., Pels, T., Veenstra, R., et al. (2005). Mental health in immigrant children in the Netherlands. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 489-496.
Vollebergh, W. A., van Dorsselaer, S., Monshouwer, K., Verdurmen, J., van der Ende, J., & ter Bogt, T. (2006). Mental health problems in early adolescents in the Netherlands: differences between school and household surveys. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 156-163.
Weisz, J. R., Chaiyasit, W., Weiss, B., Eastman, K. L., & Jackson, E. W. (1995). A multimethod study of problem behavior among Thai and American children in school: teacher reports versus direct observations. Child development, 66, 402-415
Williford, A. P., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2007). Predicting change in parenting stress across early childhood: child and maternal factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 251-263.
Willinger, U., Diendorfer-Radner, G., Willnauer, R., Jorgl, G., & Hager, V. (2005). Parenting stress and parental bonding. Behavioral Medicine, 31, 63-69.
Yang, H. J., Chen, W. J., & Soong, W. T. (2001). Rates and patterns of comorbidity of adolescent behavioral syndromes as reported by parents and teachers in a Taiwanese nonreferred sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1045-1052.
Yang, H. J., Soong, W. T., Chiang, C. N., & Chen, W. J. (2000). Competence and behavioral/emotional problems among Taiwanese adolescents as reported by parents and teachers. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 232-239.
Ziegler, R. G., & Musliner, P. J. (1977). Persistent themes: a naturalistic study of personality development in the family. Family Process, 16, 293-305.
Zukauskiene, R., Ignataviciene, K., & Daukantaite, D. (2003). Subscales scores of the Lithuanian version of CBCL--preliminary data on the emotional and behavioural problems in childhood and adolescence. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 136-143.
王文玉. (2005). 外籍配偶國小子女與本地子女學習狀況之比較. 國立台灣師範學院國民教育所碩士論文, 台北.
王光宗. (2003). 台南縣東南亞外籍母親在子女入學後母職經驗研究. 國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士, 嘉義.
王宏仁. (2006). 男性氣魄與可「娶」的跨國婚姻：為何台灣男子要與越南女子結婚？. 台灣東南亞學刊, 3, 3-36.
朱玉玲. (2001). 澎湖的外籍新娘. 西瀛風物, 8, 60-75.
江亮演, 陳燕禎, & 黃稚純. (2004). 大陸與外籍配偶生活調適之探討. 社區發展季刊, 105, 66-89.
李維. (1998). 行為主義 (譯自Watson, J. B.). 台北市: 桂冠.
吳奇殷, & 陳易甫. (2001). 家內暴力的成因與後果：以母親為例. 應用心理研究, 11, 69-91.
周玉慧, & 吳齊殷. (2001). 教養方式、親子互動與青少年行為：親子知覺的相對重要性. 人文及社會科學集刊, 13, 439-476.
周美珍. (2001). 新竹縣「外籍新娘」生育狀況統計. 公共衛生, 28, 255-264.
夏曉鵑. (2000). 資本國際化下的國際婚姻－以台灣的「外籍新娘」現象為例. 台灣社會研究季刊, 39, 45-92.
徐畢卿, 羅文倬, & 吳英璋. (1999). 雙親教養態度量表中文版之信效度研究. 護理研究, 7, 479-488.
陳淑芬. (2003). 大陸新娘的擇偶、受虐與求助歷程-兼論服務提供者對大陸新娘的假設及其對服務提供之影響. 社會發展季刊, 100, 182-199.
陳湘淇. (2004). 國小一年級外籍配偶子女在心智能力、語文能力及學業成就表現之研究. 國立台灣師範學院國民教育所碩士論文, 台南.
張媚, 陳季員, 陳彰惠, 葉莉莉, & 劉向援. (2002). 人類發展之概念與實務. 台北市: 華杏.
黃森泉, & 張雯雁. (2003). 外籍新娘婚姻適應與子女教養問題之探討. 社會教育研究, 8, 135-166.
廖玉婕. (2006). 東南亞外籍配偶子女的說話清晰度., 台中縣.
劉秀燕. (2002). 跨文化衝擊下的外籍新娘家庭環境及其子女行為表現之研究. 國立中正大學, 嘉義.
潘淑滿. (2004). 婚姻移民女性、公民權與婚姻暴力. 社會政策與社會工作學刊, 8, 85-131.
蔡清中. (2005). 外籍配偶子女學習適應及學業成就之研究. 國立中正大學, 新竹.
蔡榮貴. (2004). 臺灣外籍配偶子女教育問題與因應策略. 臺灣教育, 626, 32-37.
蔡榮貴, & 黃月純. (2004). 台灣外籍配偶子女教育問題與因應策略. 台灣教育, 32-37.
黎雅如, 沈佩螢, 廖玫涵, & 林宜平. (2006). 台灣婚姻移民的人口學特性與公共衛生需求初探. 台灣公共衛生雜誌, 25, 482-492.
鍾鳳嬌, & 王國川. (2004). 外籍配偶子女的語文、心智能力發展與學習狀況調查研究. 教育學刊, 23, 231-258.
鍾鳳嬌, 王國川, & 陳永朗. (2006). 屏東地區外籍與本籍配偶子女在語文、心智能力發展與學習行為之比較研究-探析家庭背景的影響. 教育心理學報, 37, 411-429.
蘇玉慧. (2005). 新移民女性子女生活適應調查研究－以基隆市國民小學為例. 國立台北師範學院, 台北.