珍珠是傳統的中藥之一。含有多種胺基酸、礦物質。許多動物實驗結果指出，珍珠粉具有抗氧化、抗衰老、清除自由基等功效，而這些功效可能來自於珍珠粉中的蛋白質。
本研究，採用珍珠粉、珍珠粉蛋白質萃取物及去除蛋白質之珍珠粉進行抗氧化性、清除自由基之活性探討，結果顯示，珍珠粉與珍珠粉蛋白質萃取物皆具有抗氧化性、清除自由基的活性，並隨著劑量呈正相關：珍珠粉中的蛋白質可能是珍珠粉抗氧化之主要貢獻成分。
且以線蟲為模式探討珍珠粉之抗衰老作用，發現，珍珠粉之蛋白質萃取物可延長線蟲的壽命，具有抗衰老作用。
本研究目的在於了解服用珍珠粉後，人體之抗氧化性，本實驗採隨機、安慰劑對照之設計，共計19位受試者參與，實驗組之受試者每天服用珍珠粉3g，而對照組之受試者則每天服用安慰劑3g。本實驗共進行10週，試驗期為8週，試驗後2週為觀察期，試驗期間的第零、二、四、六、八、十週採集血液檢體。結果顯示，食用珍珠粉後，對體重、體脂肪及身體質量指數無顯著影響，在抗氧化性方面，可顯著增加受試者體內總抗氧化力、血漿含硫官能基及麩胱甘肽含量，顯著降低脂質之過氧化，顯著提高紅血球中麩胱甘肽過氧化酶及麩胱甘肽還原酶。此外，連續服用8週後，LDL氧化的時間亦顯著地由43分鐘延長至58分鐘。由本研究可知，每天服用珍珠粉確實可有效增加人體之抗氧化能力，並增加LDL之氧化耐受性，且可延長線蟲的壽命，應該具有抗衰老的作用，而蛋白質可能是主要的貢獻成分。

Pearl is one traditional Chinese medicine, which contains a lot of amino acids and minerals. Many animal studies indicate that pearl has antioxidation and anti-aging effect.
The study was focused on antioxidant effect and anti-aging ability of pearl powder. Results showed that both pearl powder and protein extract of pearl powder had antioxidation and scavenging efficiency on free radicals.
For anti-aging function, wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans was used. Protein extract of pearl powder effectively extended the life span. Protein was probably the main contribution of antioxidation for pearl. To further evaluate the effect of pearl powder on antioxidation in human body. The study employed a randomized, placebo-controlled design. Nineteen subjects were enrolled respectively in a ten-week trial. Each subject ate 3g of pearl powder capsule or placebo every day for continuous eight weeks. The total experimental period was ten weeks, including eight weeks of administration and two weeks of follow-up. Anthropometric measurements, blood collecting were performed at the initial, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th weeks of the testing period. Pearl powder greatly increased total antioxidant capacity, total thiol group levels, contents of glutathione, and reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in plasma. The antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes was also increased, including glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In additional, oxidative lag time of LDL was significantly increased from 43.50 to 58.00 mins.
In conclusion, pearl powder showed great antioxidation. The main contribution was probably from its protein.

頁次
表次........................................................I
圖次.......................................................II
附錄.......................................................III
中文摘要...................................................IV
英文摘要...................................................VI
壹、 前言.................................................1
貳、 文獻整理.............................................2
一、 珍珠簡介............................................2
(一) 珍珠的歷史........................................2
(二) 珍珠的形成........................................2
(三) 珍珠的物理性質....................................3
(四) 珍珠的分類........................................3
(五) 珍珠的養殖........................................5
二、 珍珠的成份..........................................6
三、 珍珠的生理活性......................................7
(一) 抗衰老作用........................................7
(二) 免疫調節作用......................................9
(三) 其他功能.........................................12
四、 胺基酸作用...........................................13
(一) 胺基酸的抗氧化性..................................13
(二) 胜肽的作用........................................13
(三) 胜肽的抗氧化性....................................14
五、線蟲..................................................15
六、抗衰老................................................17
(一) 衰老的定義與機制..................................17
(二) 自由基與衰老......................................18
(三) 酵素與衰老........................................18
參、 研究目的............................................20
肆、 材料與方法..........................................21
一、 試驗材料............................................21
(一) 珍珠粉膠囊........................................21
(二) 人體試驗..........................................21
1. 基本資料........................................22
2. 血液樣品收集....................................22
二、 試驗用藥............................................24
三、 試驗儀器........................................29
四、 試驗設計............................................31
五、 試驗方法............................................32
(一) 珍珠粉中之蛋白質分析.............................32
1. 珍珠粉蛋白質萃取................................32
2. 珍珠粉蛋白質含量測定............................32
3. SDS-PAGE.......................................33
4. 珍珠粉之蛋白質去除..............................34
(二) 抗氧化性測定.....................................34
1. 抑制亞麻油酸自氧化之能力測定....................34
2. 總抗氧化能力測定................................35
3. 還原力測定......................................36
4. 螯合亞鐵離子之能力測定..........................36
5. 清除活性氧能力之測定............................37
a. DPPH自由基之清除............................37
b. 超氧陰離子之清除作用.........................37
(三) 野生線蟲培養模式之建立與壽命期之計算.............38
1. 線蟲固態培養基..................................38
2. E. coli OP50的培養...............................39
3. 蟲卵分離........................................39
4. 線蟲培養與壽命期計算............................40
5. 珍珠蛋白質對野生型線蟲老化之影響................40
(四) 血漿抗氧化活性之測定.............................41
1. 血漿中總抗氧化能力測定..........................41
2. 血漿中脂質過氧化物含量測定......................41
3. 血漿中含硫官能基之含量測定......................42
4. 血漿中麩胱甘肽(GSH)之含量測定...................43
5. 血漿中LDL氧化延滯期之測定......................43
6. 血漿中ascorbic acid之含量測定.....................45
（五） 抗氧化酵素活性分析...............................46
1. 紅血球中超氧歧化酶(superoxide dismutase；SOD)活性測定..............................................46
2. 紅血球中麩胱甘肽過氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase；GPx)活性測定........................................48
3. 紅血球中麩胱甘肽還原酶(glutathione reductase；GSH Rd)活性測定........................................49
（六） 血清生化分析.....................................50
1. 三酸甘油脂測定..................................50
2. 總膽固醇測定....................................50
3. HDL-C測定......................................50
4. LDL-C測定......................................51
六、 統計分析............................................52
伍、 結果與討論..........................................53
一、 珍珠粉中之蛋白質分析...............................53
二、 抗氧化性...........................................53
(一) 抑制亞麻油酸自氧化能力測定...................53
(二) 總抗氧化能力測定.............................56
(三) 還原力測定...................................59
(四) 螯合亞鐵離子之能力測定.......................59
（五） 清除活性氧能力之測定.........................61
1. DPPH自由基之清除能力.......................61
2. 超氧陰離子之清除能力........................64
三、 抗衰老.............................................66
(一) 延長線蟲生命期...............................66
四、 人體試驗...........................................69
(一) 受試者特性...................................69
(二) 對受試者血漿抗氧化性之影響...................69
(三) 對受試者紅血球中抗氧化酵素活性之影響.........81
(四) 受試者血清生化分析...........................85
陸、 結論................................................91
柒、 參考文獻............................................92
捌、 附錄...............................................98

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