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研究生:劉仁煜
研究生(外文):Jen-Yu Liu
論文名稱:土壤粒徑篩分對污染土壤重金屬移除效率之影響
論文名稱(外文):Effect of soil particle fractionation on removal efficiency of heavy metals in soils
指導教授:程淑芬程淑芬引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shu-Fen Cheng
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:朝陽科技大學
系所名稱:環境工程與管理系碩士班
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:115
中文關鍵詞:重金屬粒徑分選土壤清洗
外文關鍵詞:soil washingsoil particle fractionationHeavy metal
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:36
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  • 下載下載:299
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:1
本研究以土壤粒徑分選為研究主軸,將現地受重金屬污染土壤以物理沉降方式分為砂粒、坋粒、粘粒等部份,針對各粒徑土壤進行各種性質分析,分析項目包括重金屬含量、pH、CEC、有機質含量等,並分別以有機酸、無機酸、螯合劑、與混合酸等不同濃度萃取劑,探討其對各粒徑土壤中重金屬的清洗去除效率。
研究結果顯示,三種土壤在粒徑分選後發現砂粒的部分約佔總體土壤50%~60%之間,這些粒徑土壤中重金屬含量皆較低,甚至有的還未超過土壤管制標準,因此在土壤整治時可以考慮不處理這些土壤,進而達到節省整治經費的目的。
於實驗結果中顯示,對於Cu的去除效率依序為:混合酸 > 鹽酸 > 硝酸 > EDTA = 檸檬酸;對於Cr的去除效率依序為:鹽酸 = 硝酸 > 混合酸 > 檸檬酸 > EDTA;對於Ni的去除效率依序為:硝酸 > 鹽酸 = 混合酸 > 檸檬酸 > EDTA;對於Cd的去除效果依序為鹽酸 ≧ 混合酸 > 硝酸 > EDTA > 檸檬酸;對於Pb的去除效率依序為混合酸 > EDTA > 鹽酸 > 硝酸 > 檸檬酸。對於大突寮土壤而言,土壤分為兩部分清洗,一部分為砂粒的部分(包括Sand 1及Sand 2),另一部分為Silt和Clay兩部分清洗,由於鹽酸在砂粒的部分清洗效果較佳,因此砂粒的部分可以鹽酸清洗之,而Silt及Clay的部分則以混合酸清洗,此為大突寮土壤之最佳清洗方法。
在雲林土壤部分,對於雲林土壤之最佳清洗劑為混合酸。進玉土壤部分將Sand 1以EDTA清洗,而其餘粒徑土壤以混合酸清洗將是對進玉土壤之最佳清洗方式。
The research regards on soil particle fractionation. We collect contaminated soil and be divided into sand, Silt and Clay. Analysis three parts of soil include heavy metal, pH, CEC and organic matter. Washing the soil by organic acid, inorganic acid, chela mixture, mix acid with different concentration separately. Make a thorough inquiry removal efficiency of heavy metal in every soil .
The result of study shows, three kinds of soil find after particle separation that the part of one of sand accounts for 50%~60% of overall soil. The soil content all relatively low heavy metal concentration.
Show in the experimental result, removal efficiency to Cu is in order: Mix acid > Hydrochloric acid > Nitric acid > EDTA = Citric acid; Removal efficiency to Cr is in order: Hydrochloric acid = Nitric acid > Mix acid > Citric acid > EDTA; Removal efficiency to Ni is in order: Nitric acid > Hydrochloric acid = Mix acid > Citric acid > EDTA; Mix acid and hydrochloric acid in order removal of Cd > Nitric acid > EDTA > Citric acid; Removal efficiency to Pb, in order to mix acid > EDTA > Hydrochloric acid > Nitric acid > Citric acid. The datuliao soil is divided into two parts and washed, for the part (includes Sand 1 and Sand 2 ) of one of sand, another part is washed for Silt and Clay. Because the hydrochloric acid washes the result in the part of one of sand relatively good. sand can hydrochloric acid wash its, and Silt and Clay washed by mix acid, this, in order to dash for ward the soil best washing method.
In Yunlin soil, mix acid is the best extraction. Jinyu soil wash Sand 1 with EDTA, and the others washing by mix acid.
總目錄
中文摘要................................................I
英文摘要.......................................III
誌謝..............................................IV
總目錄.............................................V
表目錄.............................................IX
圖目錄........................................X
一、緒論..............................................1
1.1、研究緣起.....................1
1.2、研究目的...................................3
二、文獻回顧............................................4
2.1、重金屬污染來源........................4
2.2、影響土壤中重金屬移動因素........7
2.2.1、不同粒徑土壤特性.........7
2.2.2、pH值........................9
2.2.3、氧化還原電位................12
2.2.4、陽離子交換容量.............12
2.2.5、有機質含量...................13
2.2.6、水分含量........................14
2.3、重金屬汙染物特性..................15
2.3.1、鎘(Cd)............................15
2.3.2、鉻(Cr)........................16
2.3.3、銅(Cu)............................18
2.3.4、鉛(Pb)............................19
2.3.5、鎳(Ni).............................20
2.3.6、鋅(Zn)...........................21
2.4、土壤清洗(Soil Washing)復育技術................22
2.4.1、酸劑萃取....................22
2.4.2、螯合劑萃取..................23
2.4.3、交換性試劑萃取............23
2.5、土壤清洗相關研究與成果......24
2.5.1、無機酸劑萃取.............24
2.5.2、有機酸萃取..................27
2.5.3、螯合劑萃取....................28
2.5.4、混合酸萃取.................32
2.6、土壤粒徑分選相關研究............33
三、研究材料與方法.................35
3.1、研究內容................35
3.2、實驗方法....................37
3.2.1、現地污染土壤樣品採集...........37
3.2.2、土壤基本性質.....38
3.2.3、土壤粒徑分選.....39
3.2.4、單一酸萃取.......39
3.2.5、螯合劑萃取......40
3.2.6、混合酸萃取........40
3.3、實驗藥品與材料........41
3.4、實驗儀器設備..........43
3.5、分析方法........................44
3.6、QA/QC..........................50
四、結果與討論...................51
4.1、土壤基本物化性質..............51
4.2、土壤特性與重金屬含量關係之探討...............54
4.2.1、土壤粒徑大小與重金屬含量關係..................54
4.2.2、土壤粒徑與有機質含量關係......................61
4.2.3、土壤粒徑與陽離子交換能力關係.................61
4.2.4、土壤有機質與重金屬含量關係.............................63
4.2.5、土壤陽離子交換容量(CEC)與重金屬含量關係.........65
4.3、土壤重金屬清洗去除效率.............68
4.3.1、鹽酸清洗去除效率......68
4.3.2、硝酸清洗去除效率.......74
4.3.3、檸檬酸清洗去除效率.....80
4.3.4、EDTA清洗去除效率......86
4.3.5、混合酸請洗去除效率.....93
4.4、最佳清洗方法........................98
五、結論與建議..................................100
5.1、結論.............100
5.2、建議....................102
六、參考文獻...........103

表目錄
表2-1 台灣地區重金屬污染來源說明表...........5
表2-2 土壤顆粒特性......9
表2-3 無機酸萃取法相關文獻表..........26
表2-4 四種有機酸對各種重金屬之去除效率..................27
表2-5 螯合劑對各種重金屬之去除效率..............29
表2-6 螯合劑萃取法相關文獻........................31
表2-7 Sheets等人所採用的粒徑範圍及重金屬Pb含量.......34
表3-1 試驗土壤採樣地點座標.......37
表3-2 實驗所需藥品與材料資料表......41
表3-3 實驗所需儀器設備表........43
表4-1 試驗土壤基本物化性質.......51
表4-2 土壤粒徑分布與重金屬含量....52
表4-3 鹽酸對各金屬去除效率與殘留量比較表........73
表4-4 硝酸對各金屬去除效率與殘留量比較表.........79
表4-5 檸檬酸對各金屬去除效率與殘留量比較表........85
表4-6 EDTA對各金屬去除效率與殘留量比較表..........91
表4-7混合酸對各金屬去除效率與殘留量比較表.........98


圖目錄
圖2-1 重金屬離在在鐵氧化物上之吸附情形..........11
圖2-2 鎘物種之pH-Eh關係圖.........16
圖2-3 鉻物種之pH-Eh關係圖........18
圖2-4 鉛物種之pH-Eh關係圖......20
圖3-1 研究架構圖..........36
圖3-2 實驗流程圖..........39
圖4-1 大突寮土壤粒徑分部及銅(Cu)含量分布圖..........55
圖4-2 大突寮土壤粒徑分部及鉻(Cr)含量分布圖...........55
圖4-3 大突寮土壤粒徑分部及鎳(Ni)含量分布圖...........56
圖4-4 各土壤有機質含量分布圖........56
圖4-5 各土壤CEC含量分布圖........57
圖4-6 雲林土壤粒徑分部及鎘(Cd)含量分布圖................58
圖4-7 進玉土壤粒徑分部及鉛(Pb)含量分布圖......60
圖4-8 進玉土壤粒徑分部及鋅(Zn)含量分布圖.........60
圖4-9 大突寮各粒徑土壤有機質含量與重金屬含量關係圖...63
圖4-10 雲林各粒徑土壤有機質含量與重金屬含量關係圖...64
圖4-11 進玉各粒徑土壤有機質含量與重金屬含量關係圖.....64
圖4-12 大突寮各粒徑土壤CEC含量與重金屬含量關係圖....65
圖4-13 雲林各粒徑土壤CEC含量與重金屬含量關係圖.....66
圖4-14 進玉各粒徑土壤CEC含量與重金屬含量關係圖....66
圖4-15 鹽酸對大突寮土壤中Cu去除效率..........68
圖4-16 鹽酸對大突寮土壤中Cr去除效率............69
圖4-17 鹽酸對大突寮土壤中Ni去除效率.........70
圖4-18 鹽酸對雲林虎尾土壤中Cd去除效率.....71
圖4-19 鹽酸對進玉土壤中Pb去除效率...........72
圖4-20 鹽酸對進玉土壤中Zn去除效率.........72
圖4-21 硝酸對大突寮土壤中Cu去除效率.......74
圖4-22 硝酸對大突寮土壤中Cr去除效率.......75
圖4-23 硝酸對大突寮土壤中Ni去除效率..........76
圖4-24 硝酸對雲林虎尾土壤中Cd去除效率..........77
圖4-25 硝酸對進玉土壤中Pb去除效率..........78
圖4-26 硝酸對進玉土壤中Zn去除效率.........79
圖4-27 檸檬酸對大突寮土壤中Cu去除效率......80
圖4-28 檸檬酸對大突寮土壤中Cr去除效率.......81
圖4-29 檸檬酸對大突寮土壤中Ni去除效率.........82
圖4-30 檸檬酸對雲林虎尾土壤中Cd去除效率........82
圖4-31 檸檬酸對進玉土壤中Pb去除效率........83
圖4-32 檸檬酸對進玉土壤中Zn去除效率........84
圖4-33 EDTA對大突寮土壤中Cu去除效率..........86
圖4-34 EDTA對大突寮土壤中Cr去除效率........87
圖4-35 EDTA對大突寮土壤中Ni去除效率........88
圖4-36 EDTA對雲林虎尾土壤中Cd去除效率.......89
圖4-37 EDTA對進玉土壤中Pb去除效率..........90
圖4-38 EDTA對進玉土壤中Zn去除效率...........91
圖4-39 混合酸對大突寮土壤中Cu去除效率.......93
圖4-40 混合酸對大突寮土壤中Cr去除效率........94
圖4-41 混合酸對大突寮土壤中Ni去除效率........95
圖4-42 混合酸對雲林虎尾土壤中Cd去除效率......95
圖4-43 混合酸對進玉土壤中Pb去除效率.......96
圖4-44 混合酸對進玉土壤中Zn去除效率.........97
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