臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

化學農藥中常使用殺菌劑作為植物保護之用藥。殺菌劑具有較高的選擇性，在低濃度時即可抑制微生物的生長，其優點為效力強、藥效長、藥量使用少，對動物、作物及環境毒害較低。其中，Blasticidin S及Kasugamycin此兩種抗生素類之殺菌劑，主要在防治稻熱病（rice blast），具有良好的選擇性，但若使用不當，則農作物或環境生態上造成農藥殘留。因此，為了能有效的管制監控，開發一套靈敏、簡單的分析技術是必要的。
本研究發展毛細管電泳/氬離子雷射激發螢光偵測法應用於Blas- ticidin S及Kasugamycin的分析。利用6-Carboxyfluorescein , succi- nimidyl ester(CFSE)與非螢光性質的分析物進行管柱前衍生，以未塗佈之熔融矽毛細管，成功分離CFSE-biopesticides衍生物。Blasticidin S和Kasugamycin的校正曲線於5~1000 nM範圍間呈一線性關係，相關係數(r)皆於0.999以上，偵測極限為1.62與2.46 nM，遷移時間的相對標準偏差(RSD)為1.69~ 1.75﹪，訊號面積的RSD值為3.9~7.1﹪(n=7)。此分析方法成功地應用於地下水及灌溉水中Blasticidin S及Kasugamycin之偵測，回收率可達93.0~103.9﹪，並依環保署公告之「環境檢驗品質管制圖建立指引」建立品質管制圖。

Fungicides are an important group of pesticides, they have specific developmental activity. The advantage of fungicides is that they only work on the target pests and closely related organism, they also lessen risk to human health and environment.
Blasticidin S and Kasugamycin both are fungicidal antibiotic, they are effective against rice blast. If the fungicides are not correctly used, it will cause pollution in environmental waters. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid and sensitive method to determine the concertration of fungicides in water samples.
In this study, capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection method was developed for the determination of biopesticides in enviromental waters. 6-Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester(CFSE) was used for precolumn derivatization of the non-fluorescent pesticides. The linear range of biopesticides were less than 3 orders(5~1000 nM, r≧0.999), and the limits of detection were 1.62~2.46 nM. The relative standard deviation of migration time and peak areas were 1.69~ 1.7% and 3.9~7.1% respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of fungicide in enviromental waters. The recoveries of enviromental waters were 93.0~103.9% in ground waters and irrigation waters.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………І
英文摘要……………………………………………………………ІІ
謝誌…………………………………………………………………ІІІ
目錄…………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………VIII
表目錄………………………………………………………………X

壹、緒論………………………………………………………..…1
一、毛細管電泳簡介………………………………………………1
1.1毛細管電泳的發展………………………………………..1
1.2毛細管電泳分離原理……………………………………..5
1.3毛細管電泳進樣方式……………………………………..12
1.4毛細管電泳偵測方式……………………………………..14
二、保米黴素(Blasticidin S)與嘉賜黴素(Kasugamycin)殺菌劑.....17
2.1簡介…………………………………………………….......17
2.2保米黴素(Blasticidin S)………………………………...….20
2.3嘉賜黴素(Kasugamycin)…………………………………...20
2.4分析方法…………………………………………………….21
2.5研究動機…………………………………………………….23
貳、儀器設備及實驗方法….……………………………....…....26
一、藥品………………………………………………………………26
二、儀器設備…………………………………………………………28
三、實驗方法…………………………………………………………31
3.1毛細管使用方式……………………………………………..31
3.2緩衝溶液的配製……………………………………………..31
3.3藥品的配製…………………………………………………..32
3.4環境水樣的配製……………………………………………..32
3.5衍生反應……………………………………………………..33
3.6進樣方式……………………………………………………..33
3.7毛細管電泳裝置……………………………………………..33
3.8雷射激發螢光裝置…………………………………………..34
參、結果與討論……………………………………………………36
一、毛細管電泳/雷射激發螢光偵測系統測試……………………..36
二、衍生條件之探討…………………………………………………38
1.衍生反應……………………………………………………….38
2.衍生緩衝溶液pH之探討……………………………………..44
3.衍生溫度之探討……………………………………………….44
4.衍生試劑與分析物比例之探討……………………………….47
5.衍生時間之探討……………………………………………….47
三、分離條件之探討…………………………………………………50
1.電泳緩衝溶液pH值的影響…………………………………...52
2.分離電壓的探討………………………………………………..53
3.電泳緩衝溶液濃度之探討……………………………………..53
四、最佳分離條件…………………………………………………….62
五、標準品檢量線…………………………………………………….62
六、再現性…………………………………………………………….63
七、真實樣品之檢測………………………………………………….68
7.1真實樣品測定方式…………………………………………....71
7.2回收率試驗……………………………………………………71
7.3認證試驗………………………………………………………72
八、品質管制圖之建立………………………………………………..78
8.1重複樣品分析品質管制圖……………………………………78
8.2查核樣品分析品質管制圖……………………………….……83
肆、結論………………………………………………………………..89
參考文獻……………………………..………………………………..90
圖目錄

圖（一）毛細管基本裝置圖………………………………………….6
圖（二）電雙層與Zeta potential關係示意圖……………………….8
圖（三）電滲流……………………………………………………….9
圖（四）雷射激發螢光偵測器內部元件構造……………………….35
圖（五）螢光素鈉之電泳圖………………………………………….37
圖（六）衍生試劑之反應途徑……………………………………….41
圖（七）背景訊號圖之比較………………………………………….42
圖（八）CFSE與水的衍生反應圖…………………………………...43
圖（九）衍生緩衝溶液pH值對訊號面積之關係圖………………...45
圖（十）衍生溫度對訊號面積之關係圖……………………………..46
圖（十一）衍生劑與分析物比例對訊號面積之關係圖……………..48
圖（十二）衍生時間對訊號關係圖…………………………………..49
圖（十三）緩衝溶液pH值與Fungicides之電泳圖………..…….…51
圖（十四）緩衝溶液pH值對訊號面積之關係圖…………………...52
圖（十五）電壓與Fungicides之電泳圖………………………………55
圖（十六）電壓對訊號高度之關係圖………………………………..56
圖（十七）電壓對訊號遷移時間之關係圖…………………………..57
圖（十八）緩衝溶液濃度對訊號高度之關係圖……………………..58
圖（十九）緩衝溶液濃度對Fungicides之電泳圖……….………….59
圖（二十）緩衝溶液濃度與解析度之關係圖………………………..60
圖（二十一）緩衝溶液濃度對理論板數之關係圖…………………..61
圖（二十二）最佳分離條件之電泳圖………………………………..63
圖（二十三）CFSE-Fungicides衍生產物電泳圖…………………….66
圖（二十四）地下水分析……………………………………………...69
圖（二十五）灌溉水分析……………………………………………...70
圖（二十六）重複分析Blasticidin S 之品質管制圖………………...81
圖（二十七）重複分析Kasugamycin 之品質管制圖……………......82
圖（二十八）查核樣品（地下水）分析-Blasticidin S之品質管制圖.85
圖（二十九）查核樣品（地下水）分析-Kasugamycin之品質管制圖.86
圖（三十）查核樣品（灌溉水）分析-Blasticidin S之品質管制圖…..87
圖（三十一）查核樣品（灌溉水）分析-Kasugamycin之品質管制圖.88

表目錄

表（一）Blasticidin S與Kasugamycin之基本特性……………….18
表（二）Blasticidin S與Kasugamycin塩酸塩類形態之生物毒性
與市售劑型………………………………………………...19
表（三）各國殘留容許量之規定…………………………………...25
表（四）衍生劑之結構……………………………………………...40
表（五）CFSE-Fungicides之衍生產物檢量線……………………..64
表（六）CFSE-Fungicides之再現性………………………………..67
表（七）地下水檢量線………………………………………………74
表（八）灌溉水檢量線……………………………………………....75
表（九）地下水及灌溉水回收率……………………………………76
表（十）同日間intra-day與異日間inter-day之Precision…………77

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