臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，在組織行為學領域上，衝突管理的議題漸受重視。過去研究指出我們每一個人在面對衝突時會慣用特有的衝突管理模式，而且可能隨著當時所處的特別情境而改變慣有的衝突管理方式。因此，愈來愈多研究者致力於探究影響人們改變衝突管理模式的因素; 然而，卻鮮少研究探討人們情緒及衝突管理方式的關係。因此，本研究旨在辨別情緒扮演的角色及人們於衝突管理中所應用的方式，進而檢驗個人的情緒狀態將如何影響其衝突管理方式。此外，已有許多研究致力於探討人格特質與衝突的關係；其中，他人面子考量被視為人類共享的人格特質之一，而且它被證實與人們的衝突管理方式有很大的關聯性。具有他人面子考量的人可能會增強或會減弱其對衝突的管理方式。因此，本研究將進一步檢驗情緒與衝突管理方式的關係是否因為他人面子考量的干擾而有差異。基於上述，本研究以朝陽科技大學120位學生作為樣本進行實驗及問卷調查，共回收110份(91.7%)有效問卷。本研究問卷的題項是在參考多位學者的問卷後設計而成的，這些題項皆經過細微的修改以求與本研究目的一致。此問卷包含36個題項，採用李克特式五點量表。
本研究運用獨立樣本T檢定及變異數分析法進行資料分析。研究結果發現情緒及衝突管理兩者間確實有顯著的互動關係，且正向情緒對合作式或規避式管理有正向的影響，而負向情緒對於競爭式管理則有正向影響。此外，擔任中介變項角色的他人面子考量確實對情緒及衝突管理兩者的關係帶來影響。研究結果顯示不同程度的他人面子考量將對情緒及衝突管理的關係帶來不同的影響。

In recent years, conflict management has attracted a lot of attention in the field of organizational behaviors. It is investigated that each of us has a unique style or approach to conflict and that we, possibly, alter our conflict approach in regards to a given situation. Accordingly, more and more researchers devote their energy to the exploration: what factors may give rise to one’s varying approach to conflict. Nevertheless, few researches have been dedicated to studying the relationship between one’s emotional state and his/her approach to conflict. Thus, the present study aims to identify the role of emotions and the approaches people utilize in conflict management, and to examine the extent subjective emotional states influence their approaches to conflict. In addition, previous researches have done a lot of efforts on the relationship between conflict and personality traits. Concern about face saving for others is regarded as a personality trait of all human beings, people of collectivist societies especially, and it is further verified that concern about face saving for others is strongly related to one’s approach to conflict. Individuals who are concerned about face saving for others may either mitigate or strengthen their approaches to conflict. Therefore, it is critical to further examine whether there is any difference under the effect of concern about face saving for others in the relationship between emotions and the approaches to conflict. To fulfill the research purposes, experiments and questionnaire were used. A total 120 students in Chaoyang University of Technology were sampled as the subjects for the study. The researcher received 110 (91.7%) completed and usable surveys. The items of the research survey were formed after reviewing several researchers’ works. They were adopted with slight modifications in order to align with the objectives of the present study. The survey, comprising 36 items, employed a five-point Likert scale.
The data obtained from the returned survey instruments were analyzed by using the Independent Samples T-test and the Analyses of Variance (ANOVA). Significant interaction effects were found between emotions and conflict management. Analyses of the data indicated that positive emotional state has a significant positive effect on cooperative or avoiding approach whereas negative emotional state has a significant positive effect on competitive approach. Furthermore, concern about face saving for others as a moderating role did moderate the relationship between emotions and conflict management. The results of the ANOVA showed that different levels of concern about face saving for others influence the relationship between emotions and conflict management differently.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURE vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Research Background 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Significance of the Study 3
Research Procedures 4
Organization of the Thesis 6
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 7
Studies on Emotions 7
Definitions of Emotions 7
The Nature of Emotions 8
Types of Emotions 11
Functions of Emotions 11
Studies on Face Concern 13
Definitions of Face Concern 13
The Nature of Face - the Chinese Conception of Face 14
Types of Handling Face Concern 15
Studies on Conflict Management 16
Definitions of Conflict 16
The Nature of Conflict 17
Functions and Dysfunctions of Conflict 17
Approaches to Managing Conflict 19
Interrelationships among Research Variables 21
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 27
Method 27
Research Design 28
Participants 28
Experiment Procedures 28
Operational Definitions of Research Variables and Instrumentation 31
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 34
Reliability 34
Manipulation of Emotions 36
Tests of Hypotheses 37
Effects of Emotional States 37
The Role Played by Concern about Face Saving for Others in the Moderating
Emotion Effect 39
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS 44
Discussion 44
Practical and Research Implications 50
Limitations and Directions for Future Research 52
REFERENCES 55
APPENDIX A - Brief Description of the Two Films 70
APPENDIX B - Questionnaire in Formal Study (Chinese Version) 71
APPENDIX B - Questionnaire in Formal Study (English Version) 74
APPENDIX C - Debriefing 78





LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Cronbach’s Alphas for Each Variable……………………………………………..36
Table 4.2: Effects of Different Emotional States on the Cooperative Approach………...…...38
Table 4.3: Effects of Different Emotional States on the Competitive Approach…………......38
Table 4.4: Effects of Different Emotional States on the Avoiding Approach……………...…39
Table 4.5: Effects of Concern about Face Saving for Others on the Relationship between Emotions and the Cooperative Approach………………………………….……..40
Table 4.6: Effects of Concern about Face Saving for Others on the Relationship between Emotions and the Avoiding Approach…………...………………………………42
Table 4.7: Effects of Concern about Face Saving for Others on the Relationship between Emotions and the Competitive Approach…………………………………….….43












LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1: Research Procedures………………………………………………………………5

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