臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以不同品種之柚子皮為材料，經取皮、清洗、攪碎後以水蒸氣蒸餾及二氯甲烷直接 萃取兩種方式萃取精油，再以氣相層析質譜分析儀（GC/MS）鑑定其揮發性成分，並進行其抗氧化、抗菌及降血脂之研究。研究結果如下顯示水蒸氣蒸餾萃取精油的產率，台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚、及白柚分別為5.70、9.13、7.54、10.61、6.67、6.94、5.12及3.80％。水蒸氣蒸餾萃取所得柚子皮精油經矽膠管柱區分之收率在正戊烷溶洗部分，台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚、及白柚分別為4.18、6.12、5.40、7.49、3.05、4.15、2.65及2.29％；乙醚溶洗部分台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚及白柚皮精油產率分別為0.63、1.02、0.66、1.22、1.33、1.74、1.07及0.69％。以二氯甲烷萃取精油產率部份台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚、及白柚分別為6.14、7.77、12.25、10.12、5.05、4.13、4.37及4.09％。二氯甲烷萃取精油矽膠管柱區分正戊烷溶洗部分台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚、及白柚皮精油產率分別為2.55、3.71、6.02、5.52、2.29、2.16、2.06及2.13％；乙醚溶洗部分台東文旦、麻豆文旦、斗六文旦、宜蘭文旦、西施柚、葡萄柚、紅柚、及白柚精油產率分別為2.15、2.15、4.46、4.09、2.06、1.69、1.61及1.63％。在不同品種柚子皮精油的揮發性成分中，發現皆以萜烯類化合物為含量最高，其中更以limonene為主要成分。
而在抗氧化活性分析中，水蒸氣蒸餾所得柚子皮精油（10 mg/ml）之DPPH自由基清除能力（20~30％）低於二氯甲烷萃取柚子皮精油（30~40％）；且水蒸氣蒸餾所得的柚子皮精油（10 mg/ml）其亞鐵離子螯合能力（10~20％）低於二氯甲烷萃取柚子皮精油（20~30％）。評估不同品種柚子皮精油之抗細菌試驗得知，柚子皮精油對於大腸桿菌抑制效果（最低只可達到60~70％）較金黃色葡萄球菌及沙門氏桿菌（最低只可達到40~50％）為佳。以雄性倉鼠為實驗對象，探討攝取飼料添加0.01％及0.1％台東文旦柚皮精油組對其脂質型態之影響，結果顯示血液中三酸甘油酯、膽固醇、低密度膽固醇及肝臟中三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇濃度皆明顯較對照組低（p＜0.05）。

In this study, peel essential oils were obtained from different Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck varieties by steam distillation and dichloromethane extraction. The compositions of the volatile components in the essential oil were analyzed by Gas chromatograph-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The antioxidation, antibacterial, and serum lipid lowering ability of these essential oils were also studied.
The yields of the essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu obtained by steam distillation were 5.70, 9.13, 7.54, 10.61, 6.67, 6.94, 5.12, and 3.80 ％, respectively. After silica gel fractionation, the yields of the distilled essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu oil in pentane fraction were 4.18, 6.12, 5.40, 7.49, 3.05, 4.15, 2.65, and 2.29％, respectively. After silica gel fractionation, the yields of the distilled essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu oil in ether fraction were 0.63 1.02, 0.66 1.22, 1.33, 1.74, 1.07, and 0.69％, respectively.
The yields of the essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu obtained by dichloromethane extraction were 6.14, 7.77, 12.25, 10.12, 5.05, 4.13, 4.37, and 4.09％, respectively. After silica gel fractionation, the yields of the solvent extracted essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu oil in pentane fraction were 2.55, 3.71, 6.02, 5.52, 2.29, 2.16, 2.06, and 2.13％, respectively. After silica gel fractionation, the yields of the solvent extracted essential oils of Taitung Wentan, Madou Wentan, Douliou Wentan, Yilan Wentan, Hsishihyu, Grapefruit, Redyu, and Pejyu oil in ether fraction were 2.15, 2.15, 4.46, 4.09, 2.06, 1.69, 1.61, and 1.63％, respectively. The major volatile components in peel oils of different varieties Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck were found to be terpenes, especially the limonene.
When 10mg/ml dosage was used, solvent extracted oil of different varieties Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck was found to have higher DPPH free radical scavenging effect (30~40%) than those of distilled oil (20~30％). When 10mg/ml dosage was used, dichloromethane extracted oil of different varieties Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck was found to have higher ferrous ion chelating effect (20~30%) than those of distilled oil (10~20％). Broth dilution method was used for the study of antibacterial activities the different varieties Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck distilled essential oil. Distilled Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck essential oil showed stronger antibacterial activity in G(+) bacterial (60~70 % inhibition) than in G(-) bacterial (40~50 % inhibition). In the essential oil feeding study of the male hamsters, it was found that the male hamsters fed with the controlled feed and with 0.01％ and 0.1％ distilled Taitung Wentan Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck essential oil had lower triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol on blood and liver than those without distilled Wentan Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck essential oil addition（p＜0.05）.

封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書iii
中文摘要iv
英文摘要vi
誌謝viii
目錄ix
圖目錄xi
表目錄xiii

第1章 前言1
第2章 文獻回顧
2.1柚類品種介紹3
2.2精油之製備方式5
2.3精油之化學組成8
2.4精油抗菌活性之研究12
2.5抗氧化及自由基清除作用15
2.6高脂飲食對血脂之影響16
第3章 材料與方法
3.1不同品種柚子皮精油之揮發性成分分析26
3.2不同品種柚子皮精油之抗氧化分析31
3.3不同品種柚子皮精油之抑菌試驗33
3.4柚子皮精油降血脂之研究37
第4章 結果與討論44
第5章 結論149
參考文獻151

圖目錄
圖2.1 常見倍半萜類結構式10
圖2.2 動脈粥狀硬化致病過程19
圖2.3 脂肪斑的初始發展過程20
圖2.4 動脈硬化處破裂與血栓形成22
圖3.1 柚子皮精油萃取、抗氧化能力試驗及抗菌試驗之流程圖24
圖3.2 柚子皮精油降血脂動物試驗之流程圖25
圖4.1 水蒸氣蒸餾所得不同品種柚子皮精油之清除DPPH自由基之能力124
圖4.2 二氯甲烷萃取所得不同品種柚子皮精油清除DPPH自由基之能力125
圖4.3 水蒸氣蒸餾所得不同品種柚子皮精油之亞鐵離子螯合能力126
圖4.4 二氯甲烷萃取所得不同品種柚子皮精油之亞鐵離子螯合能力127
圖4.5 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠攝食情況之影響134
圖4.6 倉鼠在飼養期間之體重變化情形135
圖4.7 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠飼料效應之影響137
圖4.8 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠相對肝臟重量之影響138
圖4.9 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠血中三酸甘油酯濃度之影響139
圖4.10餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠血中總膽固醇濃度之影響141
圖4.11 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠血中低密度膽固醇含量之影響142
圖4.12 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠血中高密度膽固醇含量之影響143
圖4.13 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠血中低密度膽固醇/高密度膽固醇比例之影響145
圖4.14 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠肝臟中三酸甘油酯濃度之影響146
圖4.15 餵予台東柚子皮水蒸氣蒸餾精油對倉鼠肝臟中總膽固醇濃度之影響148

表目錄
表3.10實驗飼料組成配方39
表4.10以水蒸氣蒸餾及二氯甲烷直接萃取不同品種柚子皮精油含量之比較45
表4.20以水蒸氣蒸餾所得不同品種柚子皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較48
表4.30以水蒸氣蒸餾所得台東文旦柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較52
表4.40以水蒸氣蒸餾所得麻豆文旦柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較56
表4.50以水蒸氣蒸餾所得斗六文旦柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較60
表4.60以水蒸氣蒸餾所得宜蘭文旦柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較63
表4.70以水蒸氣蒸餾所得西施柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較67
表4.80以水蒸氣蒸餾所得葡萄柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較70
表4.90以水蒸氣蒸餾所得紅柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較73
表4.10以水蒸氣蒸餾所得白柚皮精油揮發性化合物百分組成之比較77
表4.11 以二氯甲烷萃取所得不同品種柚子皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較80
表4.12 以二氯甲烷萃取所得台東文旦柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較85
表4.13 以二氯甲烷萃取所得麻豆文旦柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較90
表4.14 以二氯甲烷萃取所得斗六文旦柚皮精油之揮發性化合 物百分組成之比較95
表4.15 以二氯甲烷萃取所得宜蘭文旦柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較99
表4.16 以二氯甲烷萃取所得西施柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較104
表4.17 以二氯甲烷萃取所得葡萄柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百組成之比較108
表4.18 以二氯甲烷萃取所得紅柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組分成之比較113
表4.19 以二氯甲烷萃取所得白柚皮精油之揮發性化合物百分組成之比較117
表4.20 以水蒸氣蒸餾所得柚子皮精油之殺菌率（%）130
表4.21 以二氯甲烷萃取所得柚子皮精油之殺菌率（%)131

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