臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　數位影像在網際網路上傳播，容易遭受攻擊竄改，為了維護影像的原始性，使影像具有防偽功能是一件很重要的事情。為了能夠偵測影像中竄改的區域，必須在原始影像中嵌入偵測的資訊。為了能將遭受竄改的區域復原，也必須在原始影像中嵌入復原的資訊。嵌入的資訊越多，防偽影像的品質將降低；若嵌入的資訊量少，雖可提高防偽影像的品質，但因偵測及還原的資訊量少，會造成竄改區域難以偵測及還原的影像品質不佳。因此本論文提出了一個影像防偽系統，在保有防偽影像品質下，能夠偵測及復原影像竄改區域。原影像經過離散小波轉換後，計算LL3低頻訊號的Block Truncation Coding值，包含平均值（mean）、位元圖（bitmap）、上均值（upper_mean）及下均值（lower_mean）等資訊。將此資訊作為偵測資訊，嵌入到頻率域中的中低頻訊號中。經過逆離散小波轉換即可得到一張防偽影像。若防偽影像遭受破壞時，從影像抽取出所嵌入的資訊，以此資訊偵測判斷影像遭破壞區域。因嵌入的資訊可能遭受破壞，論文提出以決策表判斷影像區域是否遭受破壞，若遭受破壞則以判斷值進行還原。論文的優點為以少量的資訊量即可進行資料即可進行偵測及復原並提出一套判斷準則來決定還原值。實驗結果證明在保有防偽影像的品質下，所提出的方法可以有效地降低因隱藏資訊而損失的原圖品質，並可還原出品質較高的復原影像。

The digital images were easier tampered by others in Internet. It’s a very important work to develop a mechanism to protect the digital images. The mechanism has recovery ability of tampered image with detect information, and hide that information into original image simultaneously. If hide more data in image, more image quality will damaged. Therefore this paper proposed an image tamper detection and recovery system based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). As an image performed DWT, it was divided into low frequency signals and high frequency signals. When an image for user input, the system will transforms the image from spatial domain to the frequency domain with DWT, and extracts some eigenvalues from low frequency signals (e.g. mean, upper mean, lower mean, bitmap values)of image, then embedding those information into middle frequency domain. After Inverse DWT it will gain a stego-image. If this stego-image was tampered, the system will collected three similar low frequency signals from hided place after DWT, and using the judgment table that included form three similar low frequency signals will judged the coefficient to recover the tampered image. The mainly advantage of this paper is need less information to hide, it will promote the quality of image efficiently.

目錄

封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書 iii
中文摘要 iv
ABSTRACT v
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 2
1.2研究目的 2
1.3文獻探討 3
1.4例證 6
1.5論文架構 6
第二章 相關研究 7
2.1技術描述 7
2.2偵測遭受破壞的區域 10
2.3還原遭受破壞的區域 11
第三章 提出的系統 13
3.1系統簡介 13
3.2擷取偵測及復原資訊 13
3.2.1離散小波轉換 13
3.2.2特徵值擷取 16
3.2.3特徵值嵌入 18
3.3偵測和還原遭受破壞的影像區域 19
3.3.1離散小波轉換 19
3.3.2建立係數重建表 20
3.3.3係數值擷取 23
3.3.4利用決策表進行偵測及復原 23
第四章 實驗及分析 28
4.1防偽影像與原始影像比較 30
4.2影像裁剪破壞 36
4.3影像修改破壞 41
4.4影像塗改破壞 47
4.5影像壓縮破壞 52
4.6誤判區域的原因及探討 59
第五章 結論與未來工作 64
5.1結論 64
5.2未來的工作 65
參考文獻 66

參考文獻

[1]張真誠、陳同孝、黃國峰，“電子影像技術”，松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司。
[2]C. C. Chang, T. S. Chen, L.Z. Chung, “A Steganographic Method Based upon JPEG and Quantization Table Modification”, Information Sciences, pp. 123-138.
[3]Pfitzmann, B. , “Information Hiding Terminology”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1174, Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag.
[4]M. D. Swanson, M Kobayashi and Tewfik, A.H. , “Multimedia Data Embedding and Watermarking Technologies”, Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 1064-1087.
[5]W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto , and A. Lu, “Techniques for Data Hiding”, IBM System Journal, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, pp. 313-337.
[6]M. Wu and B. Liu, “ Watermarking for image Authentication”, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 437-441.
[7]李遠坤、陳玲惠，“數位影像之資訊隱藏技術探討”，資訊安全通訊，第五卷，第四期，第18-30頁。
[8]J. Fridrich and M. Goljan, “images with Self-Correcting Capabilites”, ICIP’99, Kobe, Japan, pp.25-28
[9]M. S. Fu and O. C. Au, “Data Diding Watermarking for Halfone Images”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 11, Issue, 4, pp. 477-484.
[10]H. Jiwu and Y. Q. Shi, “Embedding Gray Level Images”, The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and System, Vol.5, pp. 239-242.
[11]N. F. Johnson and S. jajodia, “Steganography: Seeing the Unseen”, IEEE Computer, February, pp.26-34.
[12]Y. K. Lee and L. H. Chen, “An Adaptive Image Steganographic Mode Based on Minimum-eooro LSB Replacement”, Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Information Security, pp.8-15
[13]J. Wan and L. Ji, “A Region and Data Hiding Based Error Concealment Scheme for Images”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. Vol.47, No. 2, pp. 257-262
[14]李遠坤、陳玲惠，“數位影像之資訊隱藏技術探討”，資訊安全通訊，第五卷，第四期，第18-30頁。
[15]吳炳飛、胡益強、瞿忠正、蘇崇彥，“JPEG2000影像壓縮技術”全華科技圖書股份有限公司。
[16]張真誠、陳同孝、黃國峰，“數位影像處理技術”，松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司。
[17]S. Walton, “Image Authentication for a Slippery New Age”, Dr.Dobb’s Journal, Vol.20, pp. 18-26
[18]K. F. Li, T. S. Chen, and S. S. Wu, “ Image tamper detection and recovery system based on discrete wavelet transformation”, 2001 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and signal Processing, Volume: 1, pp.164-167, August 2001.
[19]H. C. Wu and C. C. Chang, “Detection and Restoration of Tampered JPEG Compressed Images”, The Journal of System and Software, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 151-161
[20]K. L. Hung, C. C. Chang, and T. S. Chen, “A Secure DCT-Based Technique for Recoverable Tamper Proofing”, Optical Engineering , Vol. 40, No.9, pp.1950-1958
[21]T. S. Chen, J. Chen, and J. G. Chen, “Tamper Detection and retrieval technique based on JPEG2000 with LL subband”, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, Volume:2, pp.1235-1240, 2004.
[22]S. Li and W. Li, “Shape Adaptive Discrete Wavelet Transforms for Arbitrarily Shaped Visual Object Coding”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 10, pp. 725-742
[23]P. L. Lin, C.K. Hsieh, and P. L. Huang, “Hierarchical watermarking scheme for image authentication and recovery”, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Volume: 2, pp. 963-966, June 2004.
[24]C. L. Wing, R. H. Hwang, T. S. Chen, and H. Y. Lee, “ Detecting and restoring system of tampered image based on discrete wavelet transformation and Block truncation coding”, 2005 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Volume: 2, pp.79-82, March 2005.
[25]H. T. Chang and C. Y. Wu, “ Image authentication and tampering localization based on watermark embedding in the wavelet domain ”, 2004 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, Volume: 3, pp.2330-2333, August 2004.
[26]C. T. Chen and J. L. Chen, “Multiresolution watermarking for digital images”, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing”, Volume: 45, Issue: 8, pp.1097-1101, August 1998.
[27]S. L. Tsai, S. S. Wang ,and Y. L. Lin, “Automatic Image Authentication and Recovery Using Fractal Code Embedding and Image Inpainting”, pp.1-9.