跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.84) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/12/14 18:14
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:林哲正
研究生(外文):Che-cheng Lin
論文名稱:都市商業區之街道空間型態與汽車犯罪機率之研究-以台灣某都市為例
論文名稱(外文):Study on the Correlation of the Street Network Pattern and Vehicle Crime -Case Studies on a City in Taiwan
指導教授:鄭明仁鄭明仁引用關係蘇智鋒蘇智鋒引用關係
指導教授(外文):Ming-jen ChengChin-feng Su
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:逢甲大學
系所名稱:建築所
學門:建築及都市規劃學門
學類:建築學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:247
中文關鍵詞:環境設計汽車竊盜空間型構數位分析時空情境特徵空間與犯罪
外文關鍵詞:space and crimevehicle crimeenvironmental designsituational environmental featuresSpace Syntax
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:13
  • 點閱點閱:699
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:132
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:4
隨著經濟活動繁榮進步,台灣高度的經濟成長與都市化的結果,造就富裕的生活環境,但也面臨著都市犯罪增加的問題。尤其是汽車竊盜犯罪問題日益嚴重,一直無法獲得有效的控制或改善,而目前針對預防汽機車失竊的研究,大部分著重於汽車安全強化設施之檢討,如車鎖破壞的難易度、停車空間位置是否恰當、車內貴重物品的引誘及本身防盜器的安……等,而對於停車地點週遭環境所構成的時空情境對於汽車竊盜犯罪的發生是否有影響,這是較被忽視的部份。

本研究試圖探討商業區汽車犯罪(失竊、破壞)與街道空間型構之間的關係,來檢視不安全空間特徵,包含使用分區道路類型、時間、道路便捷度(人潮、車流量)、互視之自然監控程度、夜間道路照明等因子,藉以建立安全街道空間之規劃概念。本研究方法以空間型構數位分析(Space Syntax)為主要分析工具,加上警方提供相關之汽車犯罪個案紀錄,及犯罪現場觀測紀錄,得以建構研究地區汽車犯罪分佈圖,並以多變量統計分析進行研究,以釐清街道空間特徵情境與汽車犯罪率之關聯性。

雖然透過環境設計的規劃,不能夠預防所有的犯罪問題,但是卻可達到嚇阻之效用,減少可能誘發住宅竊盜犯罪的環境,尤其是運用在社區預防犯罪方面。然而,目前我國無論是警政部門或是與都市、建築相關的部門對有關汽車犯罪議題皆缺乏實際的規定與計畫,也無顯著的實際研究案例可供參考。因此,本研究期能對汽車犯罪與街道空間組構特徵作一基礎研究,釐清兩者間之關聯,作為國內相關研究、理論發展之參考。

依據初步研究結果顯示,街道時空情境對汽車竊盜犯罪率之高低有一定程度上的影響,時間因子亦同。從環境周圍空間特徵而言,道路類型、建築物互視關係、夜間道路照明、街道人潮車流(便捷度)均會對汽車竊盜犯罪產生影響。而本研究最有趣及最重要的發現,即証實人潮、車流量需要在街道具充份互視或夜間道路照明佳的狀況下才會發揮嚇阻作用,否則會形成反效果。此乃因缺乏互視或照明不佳之時空情境下,街上人潮或車流無法有效發揮自然監控之效果,而卻有較多可供偷竊之汽車標的物,以致於此時空情境下汽車犯罪率反而有升高之趨勢。
Following economic prosperity and the development of urbanization, the living environment has improved though the number of criminal incidents has drastically increased in recent years in Taiwan. Among all different crime types, vehicle crime has been ranked one of the highest groups of crime. The occurrence of this type of crime has not diminished and therefore needs to be scrutinized. Most research on vehicular crime prevention focus on target hardening, such as good locks, or the instalment of alarms, and fewer research projects have studied the space-time situation and its relation to vehicle crime.

This research proposes to study the correlation between the spatial configuration of street network patterns in commercial areas and vehicle crime, including burglary of vehicles and burglary from vehicles occurring in those areas, and intends to identify those vulnerable spatial features that contribute to vehicle offences. Factors studied in this research include street land use patterns, temporal patterns, accessibility (both pedestrian and vehicular flow), inter-visibility, lighting, etc. It is hoped that through this research safer living environment patterns can be provided. The analytical tool this research employs is the Space Syntax method. After collecting crime data of all different vehicle crimes from a local police station, an on-site investigation of the venue of each vehicle crime offence is carried out and finally a most proximity map of vehicular crime distribution is constructed. Multi-variant statistical analysis is carried out for the detailed study of this research in order to clarify the relationship between space and crime.

Though crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) cannot stop and resolve the space-crime problem, it is a useful tactic to deter criminal behaviour and this tactic is particularly useful for preventing domestic burglaries in residential areas. Although the incidences of vehicle crime have reached one of the highest proportions among all types of crime very few research projects have tackled this issue and very limited information on crime prevention strategies for vehicle crime has been offered to the public. Therefore, this research aims to deal with the space-crime problem for vehicle offences occurring in commercial areas, and will provide a theoretical model to uncover the situational vulnerability for vehicle crime. Furthermore, the crime prevention strategies proposed in this research will be of interest to related disciplines and will become a useful reference for them.

From this detailed study, situational vulnerability does exhibit an influence on vehicle crime patterns, both environmental factors mentioned above and temporal factors show various degrees of influence on this type of crime. Clearly, environmental features, such as street land use type, degrees of inter-visibility, degrees of lighting, and degrees of accessibility for both pedestrians and vehicles, all demonstrate different levels of influence on vehicular crime vulnerability. One of the most intriguing findings of this study is that it examines and confirms that only if there is strong inter-visibility in day time and a high degree of street lighting at night can the degrees of accessibility of street network patterns, i.e. higher accessible commercial streets with more pedestrian and vehicular flow, play a positive role to deter the occurrence of vehicle crime. However, when there is a lack of inter-visibility or street lighting we can observe more vehicle crime in the higher accessible streets when pedestrian observance is low and more vehicles, i.e. more targets, are parked.
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與目的.................................. 1
第二節 研究範圍與限制.................................. 3
第三節 研究方法與流程.................................. 6
第二章 文獻回顧
第一節 竊盜犯罪的基本概念 ............................ 9
第二節 竊盜犯罪行為學 ............................... 14
第三節 國外環境設計預防犯罪之相關理論.................. 18
第四節 國內相關環境設計預防犯罪文獻探討................ 26
第五節 探討相關議題.................................... 30
第三章 分析方法與研究架構
第一節 有關人潮車流量之研究分析方法.................... 33
第二節 空間情境特徵之分類 ............................. 38
第三節 汽車竊盜率之統計分析方法 ....................... 47
第四節 分析模式 ....................................... 50
第四章 實證研究
第一節 實證研究地區介紹................................ 51
第二節 研究地區停車環境特徵與汽車竊盜統計概況.......... 54
第三節 各項空間組構特徵與汽車竊盜犯罪之關聯性研究...... 63
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論........................................ 95
第二節 研究建議........................................ 98
第三節 後續研究........................................101
參考文獻...............................................102
附錄一 住商混合區汽車竊盜犯罪機率統計分析
附錄二 住宅區汽車竊盜犯罪機率統計分析
附錄三 實證地區街道空間特徵及汽車竊盜犯罪案件數統計表
參考文獻

一、中文部分

1. 內政部警政署,2002,刑案統計-民國81 年至90 年各年年資料,警政署全球資訊網。
2. 內政部營建署,1996,住宅建設計畫,內政部營建署。
3. 台灣省政府住宅及都市發展處,1997,縣市綜合發展計畫,台灣省政府住宅及都市發展處。
4. 許春金,1994,社區發展與犯罪預防,社區發展季刊第66 期。
5. 許瑞生,1995,防範住宅入侵之設計規範,碩士論文,國立成功大學建築研究所。
6. 林燦璋、鄧煌發、毛昆益,2000,社會問題導向警政在犯罪預防上之實證研究,中央警察大學學報第37 期,中央警察大學行政警察研究所。
7. 孟維德,1998,都市社區犯罪與地點-一個犯罪預防措施的重要考量,社區發展季刊第82 期。
8. 楊士隆,1994,竊盜犯認知與決意之研究,中央警察大學學報第31 期,中央警察大學警政研究所。
9. 楊士隆,1994,情境犯罪預防之技術與範例,警學叢刊 25 卷1 期。
10.楊士隆,1995,運用環境設計預防犯罪之探討,警學叢刊 25 卷4期。
11.楊士隆,1997,竊盜犯罪:竊盜犯與犯罪預防之研究,五南圖書出版公司。
12.施純誠,1993,居住安全與國宅社區配置型式關係之研究,碩士論文,逢甲大學建築及都市計畫研究所。
13.唐國淵,1997,台中市北東南三區住宅「侵入竊盜」之研究,碩士論文,東海大學建築研究所。
14.蔡中志,1988,住宅被竊特性與防治之研究,五南圖書出版公司。
15.蔡德輝,1986,犯罪學-犯罪學理論與犯罪防治,偉成文化事業有限公司。
16.蔡益銘,2001,都市社區空間特性與居民犯罪恐懼感關係之研究,碩士論文,逢甲大學建築及都市計畫研究所。
17.蘇智鋒,1999,空間型態之內在組構邏輯SPACE SYNTAX(空間型構法則分析)之介紹,建築向度-設計與理論創刊號,田園城市文化事業有限公司。
18.鄭明書,1999,社會安全空間規劃之研究,碩士論文,國立成功大學都市計畫研究所。
19.內政部營建署,1999,市區道路工程規劃及設計規範之研究,內政部營建署全球資訊網
20.黃乃弘,2002,空間型與住宅竊盜之關連性研究:以台灣某都市為例,碩士論文,逢甲大學建築及都市計畫研究所。
21.郭晉勳,2002,創造安全的城市:經由環境設計預防犯罪,台北大學都市計劃研究所。
22.李明道,2002,以犯罪熱點論警察因應作為:台北縣為例,碩士論文,中央警察大學行政警察研究所。
23王文忠,2002,住宅竊盜被害與預防之研究,碩士論文,國立中正大學/犯罪防治研究所。
24.莊耿宗,2003,台中市汽車竊盜偵防策略之研究,碩士論文,東海大學公共事務碩士學程。
25.黃富源,2004,犯罪防治官建立犯罪防治網路及推動預防策略之研究,內政部警政署刑事警察局委託研究報告。
26.楊士隆、何明洲,2004,竊盜犯罪防治-理論與實務,五南圖書出版公司。
27.王子熙,2005,都市住宅區空間組構型態與竊盜犯罪傾向之研究-以台灣某城市為例,碩士論文,逢甲大學建築研究所。
28.林順家,2005,環境設計理論在竊盜犯罪預防之應用以臺北市基河二期國宅為例,碩士論文,銘傳大學公共事務學系碩士在職專班。
29.賴銘昌,2006,空間型構與汽車竊盜之關聯性研究—以台灣某都市為例,碩士論文,逢甲大學建築研究所。
30. Powis, David. ,謝瑞智、林吉鶴譯,1985,犯罪徵候(觀察術),文笙書局。




















二、外文部分

1. Bennett, Trevor and Richard Wright (1984;1986) Burglars on Burglary. Prevention and Offender, Aldershot: Gower Publishing Company Limited.
2. Bottoms, Anthony; Mawby, R. I. and Polii Xanthos (1989) “A Tale of Two Estates” in: Downes, David (ed.) (1989) Crime and the City. Essaysin Memory of John Barron Mays, London: Macmillan, 36-87.
3. Brantingham, Patricia L. and Paul J. Brantingham(1975) ”Residential Burglary and Urban Form” in: Urban Studies, 12:273-284.
4. Brantingham, Paul J. and Patricia L. Brantingham(1981)(eds.) Environmental Criminology, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
5. Brantingham, Paul J. and Patricia L. Brantingham(1984) Patterns in Crime, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
6. Clarke, R.V.G. and P. Mayhew (eds.)(1980) Designing Out Crime,London: Home Office Research Unit Publications.
7. Clarke, Ronald V. (ed.)(1997)Situational Crime Prevention. Successful Case Studies. Second Edition, New York: Harrow and Heston.
8. Coleman, Alice (1985) Utopia on Trial, London: Hilary Shipman.
9. Cornish, Derek B. and Ronald V. Clarke(1986). The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
10. Hillier, Bill and Simon C. F. Shu (2000) “Crime and Urban Layout: the need for evidence” in: MacLaren, Vic, Ballintyne, Scott, and Ken Pease (eds.)(2000) Secure foundations: Key issues in crime prevention, crime reduction and community safety, London: IPPR, 224-248.
11. Hillier, Bill and Simon Shu (1999) “Design for secure space” in: Planning in London, Issue 29:36-38.
12. Hillier, Bill et. al. (1989) The Spatial Pattern of Crime on the Studley Estate, London: Unit for Architectural Studies, Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University College London.
13. Hillier, Bill. (1988) “Against Enclosure” in: Markus, Thomas A. et. al. Rehumanizing Housing, London Butterworths, 63-88.
14. Jacobs, Jane (1962) The Death and Life of Great American Cities, London: Jonathan Cape.
15. Jeffery, C. R. (1971) Crime Prevention Through Environment Design, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
16. Mawby, R. I. (1977) “Defensible Space. A theoretical and empirical approach” in: Urban Studies, Vo1. 14:169-179.
17. Merry, Sally E. (1981) “Defensible Space Undefended. Social Factors in Crime Control Through Environmental Design” in: Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vo1. 16.4:397-422.
18. Morris, Terence (1957) The Criminal Area: A Study in Social Ecology, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
19. Newman, Oscar (1972) Defensible Space, Crime Prevention Through Urban Design, New York: Mcmillan.
20. Newman, Oscar (1980) Community of Interest, Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
21. Newman, Oscar (1995) “Defensible Space: a new physical planning tool for urban revitalization” in: Journal of the American Association, Vo1. 61, No. 2:149-155.
22. Pierce, G. L., Spaar, S. and Briggs, L. R.(1986). The Character of Police Work: Strategic and Tactical Implications, Boston, MA: Center for Applied Social Research, Northeastern University.
23. Poyner, Barry (1983) Design against crime: Beyond defensible space. London: Butterwork.
24. Poyner, Barry and Barry Webb (1991) Crime Free Housing, Oxford: Butterworth Architecture.
25. Shaw, Clifford R. et. al. (1929) Delinquency areas. A Study of the geographic distribution of school truants, juvenile delinquents, and adult offenders in Chicago, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
26. Shaw, C. R. and H. D. Mckay (1969) Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. A Study of Rates of Delinquency in Relation to Differential Characteristics of Local Communities in American Cities, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
27. Sherman, L. W. (1992) “Attacking Crime: Policing and Crime Control.” In: Tonry, M. and Morris, N.(eds.), Modern Policing. Crime and Justice, Vo1. 15, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
28. Shu, C. F. (2000) Housing Layout and Crime Vulnerability, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London.
29. Waller, Irvin and Norman Okihiro (1978) Burglary: The Victim and the Public, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top