隨著工業發展的進步，許多人工合成的染料開始被大量製造，其中苯胺類之偶氮染料，蘇丹一號及二號，除了應用於染料工業中當作著色劑外，更被用為食品之增色劑，但由於此系列染料有其可能之致癌性，因此許多國家禁止使用蘇丹紅染料作為食品中的染色劑。室溫離子液體(Room Temperature Ionic Liquids)有著室溫下幾乎無發揮性、不易燃以及較無毒性等特性，因此在液相-液相萃取中被用來替代部分對環境及人體有所危害之傳統有機溶劑，如苯及氯仿等。本研究為探討離子液體對蘇丹紅染料之移除效率，所使用的離子液體為[bmpl][Tf2N]以及[bmim][PF6]兩種。在相關參數中主要有酸鹼性、染料濃度、萃取比例以及離子液體類型。
第一部份為離子液體對蘇丹紅染料之40%硫酸水溶液進行萃取後，發現[bmim][PF6]會有水解之現象產生，[bmpl][Tf2N]則無此現象。[bmim][PF6]萃取比例為10:1、20:1、50:1及100:1時對蘇丹一號之萃取效率分別為99.6%、97%、0%及0%；對蘇丹二號之萃取效率則分別為98.5%、97%、0%及0%。這是因為[bmim][PF6]在水中之溶解度較大，因此在萃取比例為50:1及100:1時皆溶入硫酸水溶液中。[bmpl][Tf2N]在萃取比例萃取比例為10:1、20:1、50:1及100:1時對蘇丹一號之萃取效率分別為99.6%、99.6%、99.6%及90%；對蘇丹二號之萃取效率則分別為98.5%、98%、95.9%及93.4%。
第二部份為離子液體對蘇丹一號之0.1M氫氧化鈉水溶液及蘇丹二號之1M氫氧化鈉水溶液進行萃取。[bmim][PF6]萃取比例為10:1、20:1、50:1、80:1及100:1時對蘇丹一號之萃取效率分別為99.3%、98%、92%、0%及0%；對蘇丹二號之萃取效率則分別為98.3%、98.3%、98.3%、0%及0%。[bmpl][Tf2N]在萃取比例為10、50及100時對蘇丹一號之萃取效率分別為99.3%、98%、97%、90%以及84%；對蘇丹二號之萃取效率則皆為98.3%。

In recent year, accompanied with industrial development, a variety of man-made synthetic dyes have been produced and used as colored substance. Among them, Sudan I and Sudan II, two types of azo dye, are also most commonly used as food colorant. However, these dyes are banned in many countries for they might trigger occurrence of cancer as food colorant. Under green technology idea, to provide a safer, less toxically, and reduce impacts to environment, the green chemicals or chemical process is more and more important. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) substitute for organic solvent in liquid-liquid extraction therefore is well developed, for their superior characteristics with scarcely volatile, hard to flame, and less toxicity for human, make them popular.
In this study, mainly discuss were focused on the removal efficiency of Sudan I and Sudan II dyes in aqueous phase by Ionic liquids ([bmpl][Tf2N] and [bmim][PF6]). The experimental parameters of the study includes: pH of aqueous phase, dye concentration, water to ionic liquid extraction ratio, and types of ionic liquids used.
After extraction of Ionic liquid to Sudan dyes which dissolve in 40% sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the experimental results observed that a hydrolytic process of [bmim][PF6] was occurred, but not for [bmpl][Tf2N]. When the extraction ratio of Sudan I and Sudan II to ionic liquids ([bmim][PF6] and [bmpl][Tf2N]) was 10:1(v/v), the extraction efficiency were 99.6% and 98.5%, respectively. While the extracted ratio of water to [bmim][PF6] were 50:1(v/v) and 100:1(v/v), the ionic liquid was completely dissolve into sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The results of extraction of Ionic liquid to Sudan dyes dissolve in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution also investigated. The results indicated that except for the extracted ratio of aqueous Sudan dyes to [bmim][PF6] were 100:1(v/v), the extraction efficiency of other ratios of aqueous to the ionic liquid were around 84~99%.

中文摘要………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………II
目錄……………………………………………………………III
表目錄…………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………………VII

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………1
1.1研究緣起與目的……………………………………………1
1.2研究內容……………………………………………………2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………3
2.1染料之文獻回顧……………………………………………3
2.1.1染料之簡介………………………………………………3
2.1.2偶氮染料…………………………………………………3
2.1.3本研究染料之基本性質…………………………………4
2.1.3.1蘇丹一號………………………………………………5
2.1.3.2蘇丹二號………………………………………………6
2.1.4蘇丹紅染料之使用狀況及限制…………………………8
2.1.5蘇丹紅染料之製備方法…………………………………8
2.1.5.1蘇丹一號之製備………………………………………8
2.1.5.2蘇丹二號之製備………………………………………9
2.1.6蘇丹紅染料之危害………………………………………10
2.1.7近年來蘇丹紅相關事件…………………………………12
2.2離子液體之介紹……………………………………………14
2.2.1離子液體的種類…………………………………………14
2.2.2離子液體的性質…………………………………………15
2.2.2.1毒性……………………………………………………16
2.2.2.2熔點……………………………………………………18
2.2.2.3黏度……………………………………………………20
2.2.2.4密度……………………………………………………21
2.2.2.5配位能力………………………………………………22
2.2.2.6表面張力………………………………………………22
2.2.2.7與水之互溶性…………………………………………23
2.2.3離子液體的發展…………………………………………25
2.2.4離子液體的應用…………………………………………26
2.3本研究離子液體之基本性質………………………………28
2.3.1 [bmpl][Tf2N]之性質…………………………………28
2.3.2 [bmim][PF6]之性質……………………………………29
2.3.3離子液體之備製…………………………………………30
2.3.3.1[bmpl][Tf2N]之備製…………………………………30
2.3.3.2[bmim][PF6]之備製…………………………………31
第三章 實驗方法與設備………………………………………32
3.1實驗藥品……………………………………………………32
3.1.1實驗用藥品………………………………………………32
3.1.2分析用藥品………………………………………………33
3.2研究設備……………………………………………………33
3.3研究流程、操作與分析方法………………………………34
3.3.1研究流程…………………………………………………34
3.3.2操作方法…………………………………………………37
3.3.2.1染料廢水之製備………………………………………37
3.3.2.2萃取染料廢水…………………………………………38
3.3.3分析方法…………………………………………………40
3.3.4萃取效率之計算…………………………………………41
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………42
4.1蘇丹紅40%硫酸水溶液之探討……………………………42
4.1.1酸性水溶液對離子液體之影響…………………………42
4.1.2以UV/Vis探討萃取過程…………………………………45
4.1.3不同反應濃度下染料濃度之探討………………………50
4.1.4不同萃取比例下染料濃度之探討………………………57
4.2蘇丹紅氫氧化鈉水溶液之探討……………………………64
4.2.1鹼性水溶液對離子液體之影響…………………………64
4.2.2以UV/Vis探討萃取過程…………………………………66
4.2.3不同反應濃度下染料濃度之探討………………………71
4.2.4不同萃取比例下染料濃度之探討………………………78
4.3蘇丹紅染料溶液之濃縮探討………………………………85
第五章 結論……………………………………………………87
第六章 參考文獻………………………………………………90

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