臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨在探討火力電廠三相變壓器的暫態特性，文中首先分析變壓器的非線性特性，再利用ATPDraw建構變壓器和電力系統中其他設備的模型，並針對火力電廠實際發生的故障案例，使用電磁暫態程式ATP進行系統模擬，最後將模擬的結果利用繪圖分析軟體作波形分析與比較。
對於變壓器可能發生的暫態危害，研究可行的改善方法及對策後再進行模擬，經由模擬結果驗證所提出的方法及對策可以減少暫態對變壓器造成的損害，達到保護設備安全及機組順利運轉的目的。

This thesis investigates the transient characteristics of three phase transformers in thermal power plant. The nonlinear characteristics of transformer are analyzed at first. Then ATPDraw is applied to construct the models of transformers and other equipments in the system, the electromagnetic transient program ATP is used to simulate transient phenomenon of system. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed and discussed.
Some improving strategies are proposed for the potential harm of transformer transient and the ATP simulation is performed once again. Simulating results demonstrate that these strategies are helpful to reduce the damage of transformer and to ensure the safe of equipments and the normal operation of units.

中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------ i
英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------ ii
誌謝 ------------------------------------------------------ iii
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------ iv
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------ vi
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------ vii
符號說明 ------------------------------------------------------ xii
第一章 緒論 -------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 ----------------------------------------- 1
1.2 相關文獻回顧 ------------------------------------------- 4
1.3 內容大綱 ---------------------------------------------- 6
第二章 變壓器特性分析 ----------------------------------------- 7
2.1 實用變壓器 -------------------------------------------- 7
2.2 等效電路參數之決定 ------------------------------------- 10
2.3 鐵心特性分析 ------------------------------------------ 12
2.4 湧入電流特性分析 --------------------------------------- 14
2.5 鐵磁共振特性分析 --------------------------------------- 17
第三章 模擬軟體介紹及模型說明 ---------------------------------- 21
3.1 EMTP/ATP --------------------------------------------- 21
3.2 繪圖分析軟體 ------------------------------------------- 23
3.3 ATPDraw ---------------------------------------------- 24
3.3.1 Transformers------------------------------------------ 25
3.3.2 Branch Linear ---------------------------------------- 30
3.3.3 Branch Nonlinear ------------------------------------- 31
3.3.4 Line/Cable ------------------------------------------- 33
3.3.5 Switches --------------------------------------------- 34
3.3.6 Sourses ---------------------------------------------- 34
3.3.7 Machines --------------------------------------------- 35
第四章 變壓器暫態模擬與討論 ----------------------------------- 37
4.1 配電變壓器暫態模擬 ------------------------------------- 37
4.1.1 加壓激勵的暫態模擬-------------------------------------- 41
4.1.2 討論 ------------------------------------------------- 54
4.1.3 鐵磁共振特性模擬 -------------------------------------- 55
4.1.4 討論 ------------------------------------------------- 66
4.2 電力變壓器暫態特性模擬 --------------------------------- 67
4.2.1 加壓激勵的暫態模擬 ------------------------------------- 75
4.2.2 討論 ------------------------------------------------- 79
4.2.3 暫態效能模擬 ------------------------------------------ 80
4.2.4 討論及改善對策 ---------------------------------------- 87
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 ------------------------------------ 90
5.1 結論 ------------------------------------------------- 90
5.2 未來研究方向 ------------------------------------------ 91
參考文獻 ----------------------------------------------------- 92

參考文獻
[1] L. Perrat, T. Tran-Quoc, A. Montmeat, “Nonlinear Transient Simulation of Trans- formers,” IEEE Industry Application Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 1193-1198, Oct. 1995.
[2] 陳建榮，「變壓器之激磁突入電流」，電機月刊，第52期，第131-139頁，民國 84年4月。
[3] 寧家慶，電力系統之非線性共振研究，國立中山大學，博士論文，民國94年10月。
[4]. 盧光常，黃思倫，許文昌，陳聰榮，張文耀，蔡世育，「線路事故引起變壓器共振之模擬分析」，台電工程月刊，第658期，第14-34頁，民國92年6月。
[5] 賴祐炯，「三相感應電動機降壓起動法」，電機月刊，第139期，第270-282頁，民國93年7月。
[6] 朱記民，吳志宏，鐘太郎，黃裕煒，「發電廠輔機馬達之電壓電流特性分析」，電機月刊，第135期，第250-262頁，民國93年3月。
[7] Stanley R. Shilling, “Electrical Transient Stability and Underfrequency Load Shedding Analysis for a Large Pump Station,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, Vol. 33, NO. 1, pp. 194-201, Jan./Feb. 1997.
[8] Alternative Transients Program (ATP) – Rule Book, Canadian/American EMTP User Group, 1987-1998.
[9] L. Prikler, H.K. Høidalen, ATPDraw version 3.5 for Windows 9x/nt/2000/XP Users’ Manual, Preliminary Release No.1.0, August 2002.
[10] Juan A. Martinez, Bruce A. Mork, “Transformer Modeling for Low- and Mid- Frequency Transient － A Review,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 1625-1632, April 2005.
[11] John H. Brunke, Klaus J. Frohlich, “Elimination of Transformer Inrush Current by Controlled Switching – Part II：Application and Performance Consinderations,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 281-285, April 2001.
[12] 陳建富，梁從主，鄭至焜，陳新得，「非對稱線圈配置法改善變壓器湧入電流之研究」，中華民國第二十五屆電力工程研討會，第1323-1328頁，93年。
[13] 周榮江，「變壓器激磁湧流之研析與實測」，電機月刊， 第122期，第201-213頁，民國90年2月。
[14]林永松譯，「變壓器之激磁湧流及其特徵」，電機月刊，第三卷，第三期，第116-119頁，民國82年3月。
[15] 元康，周坤謀，林鴻勳，「激磁湧入電流之諧波分析」，電機月刊， 第十一卷，第八期，第183-187頁，民國90年8月。
[16] 蔡茂宏，葉增雄，「配電變壓器的非線性暫態模擬」，國立高雄應用科技大學 工程科技與教育學刊，第76-90頁，95年3月。
[17] H. K. Høidalen, Bruce A. Mork, L. Prikler, and James L. Hall, “Implementation of new features in ATPDraw version 3,” International Coference on Power System Transients － IPST 2003 in New Orleans, USA.
[18] John H. Chan, Andrei Vladimirescu, Xiao-Chun Gao, Peter Liebmann, John Valainis, “Nonlinear Transformer Model for Circuit Simulation,” IEEE Trans. on Computer- Aided Design, Vol. 10, No. 4, April 1991, pp. 476-482.
[19] Jacek Horiszny, Wieslaw Aftyka, “Numerical calculation of three-phase transformer’s residual flux in ATP and Pspice programs,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 113-116, April 2001.
[20] R. Rudenberg, Transient Performance of Electric Power Systems, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1950.
[21] C. Hayashi, Nonlinear Oscillations in Physical Systems, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964.
[22] R. A. Walling, K. D. Barker, T. M. Compton, E. Zimmerman, “Ferroresonant overvoltage in grounded wye-wye padmount transformers with low-loss silicon-steel cores,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 1647-1660, July 1993.
[23] J. G. Frame, N. Mohan, T. Liu, “Hysteresis modeling in an electromagnetic transients program,” IEEE Tran. on PAS, Vol. PAS-101, No. 9, pp. 3403-3411, Sept. 1982.
[24] R. H. Hopkinson, “Ferroresonance during single-phase switching of 3-phase dis- tribution transformer bank,” IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-84, No. 4, pp. 289-293, April 1965.
[25] D. R. Smith, S. R. Swanson, J. D. Borst, “Overvoltage with remotely-switched cable-fed grounged wye-wye transformers,” IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-94, No. 5, pp. 1843-1853, Sept./Oct. 1975.
[26] Slow Transient Task Force of IEEE Working Group on Modeling and Analysis of Systems Transients Using Digital Programs, “Modeling and Analysis Guidelines for Slow Transient – Part III：The Study of Ferroresonance,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 255-265, Jan. 2000.
[27] K.AI-Anbarri, R. Ramanjam, T. Keerthiga, K. Kuppusamy, “Analysis of nonlinear phenomena in MOV connected transformer,” IEE Proceedings, pp. 562-566, 2001.
[28] 周至如，「模鑄式變壓器之品質及突波防護檢討與改善」，電機月刊，第十四卷，第七期，第224-231頁，民國93年7月。
[29] Paul C. Krause, Analysis of Electric Machinery, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1995.
[30] S. M. Halpin, “An improved Simulation Algorithm for the Determination of Motor Starting Transients,” Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 2256-2262, Oct. 1994.
[31] Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1999.
[32] I.D. Hassan, R. Weronick, R. M. Bucci, W. Busch, “Evaluating the Transient Per- formance of Standby Diesel-Generator Unit by Simulation,” IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 470-477, September 1992.
[33] Chao-Shun Chen, Yu-Lung Ke, Cheng-Ting Hsu, “Protective Relay Setting of the Tie Line Tripping and Load Shedding for the Industrial System,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 1226-1234, Sep./Oct. 2000.
[34] 蔡茂宏，葉增雄，「電力變壓器的暫態效能模擬」，中華民國第二十七屆電力工程研討會，OF2.2.1-OF2.2.5，95年。