跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(44.192.79.149) 您好!臺灣時間:2023/06/10 03:24
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:鄭宏昇
研究生(外文):Hong-Sheng Cheng
論文名稱:產業競合模式下對競爭優勢、知識分享阻力、知識分享機制、創新績效互動關係之探討-以A-team為例
論文名稱(外文):A study on Co-opetition Strategy of Industries of Competitive Advantage, Knowledge Sharing Obstructions, Knowledge Sharing systems, and Innovation Performances – Case Study of A-team
指導教授:王承宗王承宗引用關係
指導教授(外文):Cheng-Tsung Wang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:立德管理學院
系所名稱:工業管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:其他商業及管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:84
中文關鍵詞:創新績效競爭優勢知識分享機制競合關係知識分享阻力
外文關鍵詞:Competitive AdvantageCo-opetitionKnowledge Sharing ObstructionsKnowledge Sharing systemsInnovation Performances
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:1
  • 點閱點閱:305
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:3
鑒於知識、經爭優勢與創新成為決定企業成敗之關鍵因素,競合模式企業如何透過學習與知識分享以影響創新績效為關注的焦點;組織中的成員若擁有較和諧的關係,成員間願意互相幫助,對企業的營運絕對有助益。知識不同於一般的商品,會因為分享而失去擁有的權力,反而能藉由分享的行為與意願擴大知識的價值。由於競爭優勢也與組織內的成員息息相關,知識分享阻力以及知識分享機制對於組織成員的創新績效亦會有所影響。本研究旨在探討在競合模式中競爭優勢、知識分享阻力、知識分享機制對於創新績效的影響。而本研究主要以因素分析、複迴歸分析,來探討各研究變項的影響程度,並且以A-team組織作為研究對象。研究結果顯示競爭優勢對於產品創新績效以及製程創新績效最為顯著;競爭優勢與知識分享機制對於產品創新績效的提升有正面影響;競爭優勢與知識分享機制對於製程創新績效的提升有正面影響;而知識分享阻力對於產品創新績效以及製程創新績效有著負向影響關係。最後,本研究對於上述之結果做結論,並分析涵義。
People who have better relationship and help each other in an organization will be helpful to an organization because they will have higher sharing willingness. Knowledge is not like the tangible products that well lose them if we share them with other people. In contrast, we can enhance the value of knowledge by sharing. Because competitive Advantage is relative to everyone in an organization, and knowledge sharing obstructions and knowledge sharing systems will also effects the knowledge sharing willingness. This thesis confers the relationship between Co-opetition Strategy of industries of competitive advantage, knowledge sharing obstructions, knowledge sharing systems, and innovation performances. This study applied multiple linear regression and factor analysis to analyze affective degree of variables on sampling of A-team. The results indicated motivation dimensions of competitive advantages, products of innovation performances, and bioengineered of innovation performances. The competitive advantages’ dimension has positive effect upon entire performances. Innovation performances and knowledge sharing system dimension have positive effect upon the products of innovation performances and bioengineered of innovation performances. Knowledge sharing obstructions have negative effect upon the products of innovation performances and bioengineered of innovation performances. At last, the study denotes some practical meaning.
目錄      

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… ii
致謝 ……………………………………………………………… iv
目錄 ……………………………………………………………… v
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………… vi
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………… vii
第壹章 緒論………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………… 2
第三節 研究範圍…………………………………………………… 2
第四節 研究流程…………………………………………………… 3
第五節 論文架構…………………………………………………… 4
第貳章 文獻探討…………………………………………………… 5
第一節 競合關係…………………………………………………… 5
第二節 競爭優勢……………………………………………… 11
第三節 知識分享阻力……………………………………………… 18
第四節 知識分享機制…………………………………………… 28
第五節 創新績效…………………………………………………… 34
第六節 A-team背景與現況………………………………………... 40
第參章 研究方法…………………………………………………… 46
第一節 本研究觀念性架構………………………………………… 46
第二節 研究假設…………………………………………………… 46
第三節 研究變數及衡量…………………………………………… 47
第肆章 問卷結果與分析…………………………………………… 52
第一節 因素分析…………………………………………………… 52
第二節 基本資料分析……………………………………………… 56
第三節 信度分析…………………………………………………… 58
第四節 Pearson相關分析………………………………………… 58
第五節 迴歸分析…………………………………………………… 61
第伍章 結論與建議………………………………………………… 64
第一節 結論………………………………………………………… 64
第二節 研究建議…………………………………………………… 67
第三節 研究限制…………………………………………………… 68
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………… 69
附錄一 研究問卷…………………………………………………… 80
自傳 ……………………………………………………………… 84
表 目 錄

表2-1 夥伴關係的競合態度……………………………………… 9
表2-2 A-TEAM會員廠商一覽表………………………………… 44
表3-1 競爭優勢的衡量構面……………………………………… 47
表3-2 知識分享阻力的衡量構面………………………………… 49
表3-3 知識分享機制的衡量構面………………………………… 50
表3-4 創新績效的衡量構面……………………………………… 51
表4-1 競爭優勢的因素負荷量…………………………………… 52
表4-2 知識分享阻力的因素負荷量……………………………… 53
表4-3 知識分享機制的因素負荷量……………………………… 54
表4-4 創新績效的因素負荷量…………………………………… 55
表4-5 年齡百分比………………………………………………… 56
表4-6 性別百分比………………………………………………… 56
表4-7 教育程度百分比…………………………………………… 56
表4-8 每月所得百分比…………………………………………… 57

表4-9 擔任主管百分比…………………………………………… 57
表4-10 年資歷百分比……………………………………………… 57
表4-11 信度分析表………………………………………………… 58
表4-12 相關分析表………………………………………………… 59
表4-13 產品創新績效變異數分析表……………………………… 61
表4-14 產品創新績效迴歸分析表………………………………… 61
表4-15 製程創新績效變異數分析表……………………………… 62
表4-16 製程創新績效迴歸分析表………………………………… 62
表5-1 研究假設驗證表…………………………………………… 66


圖 目 錄

圖1-1 研究流程圖………………………………………………… 3
圖2-1 價值網……………………………………………………… 6
圖2-2 競爭優勢的生命期………………………………………… 13
圖2-3 競爭優勢的時間演變……………………………………… 14
圖2-4 競爭優勢架構……………………………………………… 15
圖2-5 知識管理架構……………………………………………… 18
圖3-1 研究架構圖………………………………………………… 46
丁惠民(2003),「供應鏈管理的大未來」,電子化企業:經理人報告,49期,26-29頁。

方至民(2002),企業競爭優勢,台北:前程企業管理有限公司。

王宜敏(2002),影響資訊人員知識分享行為之因素―以社會交換理論為基礎來探討,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

王誕生(2001),組織文化對知識分享之影響研究,國立彰化師範大學工業教育學系碩士論文。

司徒達賢、賴士葆、洪鉛財(1994),「技術取得策略影響因素分析」,經濟部技術處:產業科技研究發展管理論文集第四冊,頁1-22。

石美珠(2006),車輛工業月刊,第147期,台北:台灣區車輛工業同業公會。

石美珠(2006),車輛工業月刊,第153期,台北:台灣區車輛工業同業公會。

吳有順(2000),網路社群知識分享過程之研究—以企業管理教學網站為例,國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

吳思華(1998),「知識流通對產業創新的影響」,第七屆產業管理研討會。

呂鴻德(1995),「計數與製造策略配合對新產品績效影響之研究」,中原學報,第23卷第4期,1-9頁。

呂鴻德(1995),「計數與製造策略配合對新產品績效影響之研究」,中原學報,第二十三卷第四期,12月,1-9頁。

宋偉航(譯)(1999),智慧智本-資訊時代的企業利基,臺北:智庫文化,228頁,原著:Thomas Steward。

杜念中(譯)(1996),不確定的年代,台北:聯經出版事業公司,原著:Galbraith, J. K.。

汪金城(2001),研發機構知識分享機制之研究-以工研
院光電所研發團隊為例,國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。

汪昭芬(2000),組織學習、知識創造、知識蘊蓄與創新績效之關聯性研究-科技製造業、一般製造業及服務業之實證,國立成功_大學企業管理所碩士論文。

林文鵬(1998),「策略聯盟價值、組織特性與技術創新績效關係之研究」,國立屏東商業專科學校學報,第5期,35-52頁。

林宏欣(2000),「知識管理,為東捷業績衝出新高」,管理雜誌,第315期, 114--117頁。

林明杰、劉美慧(1999),「新產品發展各階段跨部門互動類型之研究」,科技管理學刊,第4卷第2期,39-66頁。

林清河、譚伯群、施坤壽(2000),「競爭因素、製造策略、顧客滿意及組織績效之整合性分析」,台大管理論叢,第11卷第1期,1-33頁。

林謙利(1990),影響國內技術移轉成效因素之研究,文化大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。

政府績效評估(2004),行政院研究發展考核委員會發
行,台北:紅螞蟻圖書有限公司

施坤壽(2001),「ISO9000與競爭優勢、組織績效之結構化分析--臺灣機械、化學、電子電器業實證研究」,南臺科技大學學報,25期,73-85頁。

洪國堅(2002),台灣大陸母子公司間知識移轉與知識吸收之研究,東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

胡瑋珊(譯)(1999),知識管理,臺北:中國生產力中心,原著:Thomas H. Davenport & Laurence Prusak。

夏侯欣鵬(2000),信任與權力對組織內知識分享意願影響之研究—以銀行放款部門主管為例,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。

徐其力(2002),組織文化對知識分享之影響研究,彰化師範大學工業教育學系碩士論文。

高得祐(2001),知識分享之研究—以交易成本為觀點,義守大學管理研究所碩士論文。

張玉文(譯)(2000),知識管理─哈佛商業評論,台北:天下文化出版社,原著:Peter F. Drucker。

張建仁(2001),汽車零件製造商生產與作業策略之個案研究,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程論文。

張盈盈(2000),台灣中小企業技術取得模式之研究,銘傳大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。

許_史金(譯)(2001),初版,臺北:商周出版,城邦文化發行,原著:知識管理推行實務/勤業管理顧問公司(Arthur Andersen Business Consulting)。

郭啟仁(2001),知識分享與組織學習關聯性之研究,義守大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。

陳文章(2001),企業技術創新績效影響因素之研究,長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。

陳世明(2001),知識分享與創新績效之研究—以交易成本理論觀點探討,長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。

陳春宏(2002),台北市國際觀光商務旅館異業聯盟之聯盟現況、聯盟型態、競合關係與聯盟績效關係之研究,
國立屏東科技大學企業管理學系碩士論文。

黃志典(1993),「金融創新:理論與政策涵義」,基層金融,第26期,51-72頁。

楊子江、王美音(譯)(1997),創新求勝-智價企業論,台北:遠流出版社,原著:Ikujiro Nonaka & Hirotaka Takeuchi。

楊凱迪(2001),延伸企業核心競爭力之研究--以Intel公司為例,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程論文。

蔡宗憲(2000),聯盟合作網路、知識流通、創新績效 之關連性研究--以我國電子廠商為例,國立成功_大學企業管理所碩士論文。

黎士群(1999),組織公平、信任與知識分享行為之關係性研究─以Unix系統管理人員為例,銘傳大學科學研究所碩士論文。

賴士葆、林明杰(1993),「影響技術引進績效因素」,管理評論,第12卷, 65-81頁。

閻瑞彥(1995),「技術策略與新產品績效之研究-以資訊應用軟體業為例」,臺北商專學報, 244-287頁。

謝清佳(譯)(2003),知識管理Managing Knowledge Building Blocks for Success,臺北:智勝,原著:G. Probst , S. Raub & K. Romhardt

Almeida, P. & Kogut, B. (1999), “Localization of knowledge and mobility of engineers in rational networks.”, Management Science, 45(5): 905-917.

Anthony, L. and Velocci, Jr., (2001),“Strategic Sourcing Mostly A Neglected Opportunity..”, Aviation Week and Space Technology, 155(16):70-71.

Barczak G. (1995), “New product strategy, Structure, Process, and performance in the telecommunications industry.”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(2): 224-234.

Barczak, G. and Wilemon, D. (1989),“ Leadership
differences in new product development teams. “., Journal of Product Innovation Management, 6:259-267.

Bengtsson M.&Kock S. (2000). .“Coopetition in business networks to cooperate and compete simultaneously.”, Industrial Marketing Management, 29:411-426.

Betz, F., (1993), “Managing Technology Competing Through New Ventures, Innovation, and Corporate Research.”, Prentice Hall.

Bourgeois, L, J.III,Irene M.Duhaime, and J. L.
Stimpert (1999), .“Strategic Management: A Managerial Perspective.”, Second Edition, Fort Worth, Texas: The Dryden Press.

Brandendenburger M. A.& Nalebuff J. B. (1996), “Co-opetition. New York: Doubleday.”

Calantone R., Vickery S. & Droge C. (1995), “Business performance and strategic new product development activities: An empirical investigation.”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(3): 214-223.

Clark, J. & Guy, K.(1998), .“Innovation and competitiveness: A review.”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(3): 363-395.

Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. (1990),“Absorptive capacity a new perspective on learning and innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.

Cooper, Martha, C., Berry, and William, L. (1999), “Manufacturing flexibility: Methods for measuring the impact of product variety on performance in process industries.” Journal of Operations Management, 17(2):163-178.

Das K.T. & Teng B.S. (2000). .“Instabilities of strategic alliances:An internal tensions perspective, Organization Science.” ,77-101.

Davenport T.H. and L. Prusak (1998) ,“Working Knowledge.”, Boston: Harvard, Business School Press.

Davenport T.H., D.W. DeLong, and M.C. Beers (1998). .“Successful knowledge management project.”, Sloan Management Review. 39(2): 43-57.

Davidson, W. H. and D.G. McFetridge (1985),.“Key characteristics in the choice of international technology transfer.”, Journal of International Business Studies, 16(2): 5-21.

Dhebar, A., (1996),“Speeding High-Tech Producers, Meet the Balking Consumer.” Sloan Management Review, Winter.

Druck, P., (1986), “Innovation and Entrepreneurship.”, Chao-Hsi Lin translated. Taipei: Chang-Ho Publishing House,.

Drucker, Peter F, (1993), “Post-Capitalist Society.”, NY: Harper Business

Farris, G. H. (1988). .“Technical leadership: much discussed but little understood.”, Research Technology Management. 31:12-17

Frankle, E.G. (1990), .“Management of Technological Change.”, Kluwer Academic.

Gross, A. (2001). .“ Knowledge sharing─the crux of quality.”. 2001 Quality Congress Proceeding, Milaukee, 452-457.

Gruber, H. G. (2000). .“Does Organisational Culture Affect the Sharing of Knowledge? The Case of a Department in a High-Technology Company. Unpublished master’s thesis.”, Carelton University, Ottawa, Ontario.

Hamel, G, Y.L. Doz, and C.K. Prahalad(1989), .“Collaborate with your competitors—And Win.”, Harrard Business Review, 65(I): 133-139.

Hauschild, S., Litch, T., Stein, W. (2001). .“Creating a knowledge culture.”. The Mckinsey Qualterly, 1: 74-81.

Hendriks, P. (1999). .“Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on motivation for knowledge sharing.”, Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2): 91-100.

Higgins, J.M. (1995), .“The Core Competence : Innovation.”, Planning Review, 23(6): 32-35.

Hill, C.W. L. and T.M. Jones (1992), “Stakeholder-Agency Theory,.” Journal of Management Studies, 29, pp. 131-154.

Hill, Charles W.L. and Gareth R. Jones (2001), “Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach.”, Fifth Edition, Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company.

Hollingshead, A.B. (1996),“ A information suppression and status persistence in group decision making: The effects of communication media..”, Human Communication Research, 23(2): 193-219.

I.C. MacMillan(1988), .“Controlling Competitive Dynamics by Taking Strategic Initiative. “.Academy of Management Executive,2 ,2:111-118.

Jehn, K.A. & Shah, P.P. (1997).” Interpersonal relationship and task performance: An examination of mediating process in friendship and acquaintance groups.”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4): 775-790.

Kim W.C. & Mauborgne R.A. (1997),“Fair Process: Managing in the Knowledge Economy.”, Harvard Business Review, 75(4): 65.

Kim,Youngbae、Min, Byungwook & Cha, Jongseok, (1999),.“The roles of R & D team leaders in Korea: a contingent approach, “. R&D Management, Vol.29, 2:153-165.

Lasserre Philippe, (1982), “Training: Key to Technological Transfer. “, Long Range Planning,15(3): 51-60.

Lau, H.C.W. and Lee, W.B. (1999), “Factory on demand: the shaping of an agile production network.” International Journal of Agile Management Systems, 1(2): 83-87.

Lau, R.S.M. (2002), “Competitive factors and their relative importance in the US electronics and computer industries.” International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 22(1), pp.125-135.

Levinson N. & Asahi M. (1995). .“Cross-national alliances and interorganizational learning.” Organizational Dynamics, 24, 50.

Ma, H. (1999), “Anatomy of competitive advantage: a SELECT framework.” Management Decision, 37(9): 709-718.

McDermott, R. (1999). .“Why information technology inspired but cannot deliver knowledge management.” California Management Review, 41
(4): 103-117.

McGourty, J.、Tarshis, L.A. & Domonock, P. (1996), “Managing Innovation: Lessons form World Class Organizations.”, International Journal of Technology Management, 11(3), 354-368.

Nalebuff & Brandenburger(1996). .“ Co-opetition.” Harper Collins Business.

Nelson, K.M. & Cooperider, J.G. (1996). .“The contribution of shared knowledge to IS group performance.”. MIS Quarterly, 20(4): 409-432.

Nonaka, I. (1989),“Organizing innovation as a knowledge-creation process: asuggestive paradigm for self-renewin organization.”, Working Paper. University of Caligornia at Berkeley, berkeley, CA, No. OBIR-41

Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Konno, N. (2000).” SECI, Ba and Leadership: A unified model of dynamic knowledge creation.”, Long Range Planning, 33(1): 5-34.

Nonaka, Ikujiro & Hirotaka, Takeuchi(1995), The knowledge-creating company. ,NewYork:Oxford University Press.

Nunally, J.C. (1978), “Psychometric Theory.”, New York:McGraw-Hill.

Olson et al. (1995), “Organization for Effective New Product Development: The Moderating Role of Product Innovativeness.”, Journal of Marketing, 59: 41-62.

Patterson, M.L. (1998), .“Form Experience: Linking Product Innovation to Business Growth.”, Journal of Innovation Management,15(5), 390-402.

Pfeffer, J. (1998). .“Seven practices of successful organization.”, California Management Review, 42(1): 83-10.

Pisano, Gray P. & S.C. Wheelwright(1995) ,“The New Logic of High-Tech R&D.”, Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct,

Pitts, Robert A. and David Lei (2000), .“Strategic Management:Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage.”, Second Edition, South-Western College Publishing.

Polanyi, M. (1967), “The Tacit Dimension.”, New York: M. E. Sharp Inc.

Quinn, J. B. (1993). .“Intelligence Enterprise.” New York : Free Press.

Robinson, R.D. (1989). .“The international transfer of technology-theory, issues, and practice.” Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Company.

Robinson, Richard, D. (1989), The International Transfer of Technology-Theory, Issues, and Practice, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company.

Roger, R. (1995). .“The diffusion of innovation..”, New York Free Press.

Schneider, J. & Cook, R. (1995). “Commentary on status inconsistency and gender: Combining revisited.” by Joachim Schneider and Karen Cook. Small Group Research, 26: 372-399.

Schumpeter, J.A. (1934), .“The Theory of Economic Development.”, Cambridge, Harvard University press.

Scrinivasa, K. and Wadhwa, S. (2000), .“Flexibility: An emerging meta-competence for managing high technology.” International Journal of Technology Management, 19(7): 820-845.

Scrinivasa, K. and Wadhwa, S. (2000), “Flexibility: An emerging meta-competence for managing high technology.” International Journal of Technology Management, 19(7, 8): 820-845.

Sen, F. & Rubenstein, H. (1990), “An exploration of factors affecting the integration of in-house R&D with external technology acquisition strategies of a firm.”, IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 37(4),:246-258.

Senge P. (1997), “Sharing knowledge”, Executive Excellence, 14(11) : 11.

Shad, D. (1999), “Bargaining power in buyer-supplier relationships.”. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1:27-35.

Shurchuluu, P.(2002), .“National productivity and competitive strategies for the new millennium.” Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 13(6):408-414.

Skowronski, M and Carlsion, L (1989), “Effect of Purpose of Observation on Accuracy of Immediate and Delayed Performance Ratings.”, Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 43(3),: 336-354

Souder W. E. & Song X. M. (1998), “Analysis of U. S. and Japanese Management Processes Associated with New Product Success and Failure in High AND Low Familiarity Markets.”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15: 208-223.

Souder, W. E, (1987), Managing New Product Innovations, Lexington, MA: D.C. health and Company .

Spekman, R. E., Kamauff Jr, J. W. and Myhr, N.,(1998), .“An empirical investigation into supply chain management A perspective on partnerships,.” International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 28(8), pp.630-650.

Stauffer, D. (1999). .“Why people hoard knowledge.”, Across the Board, 36(8): 16-31.

Stott, K. & Walker, A. (1995). “Teams, teamwork & teambuilding: The manager’s complete guide to teams in organizations.” Englewood Cliff, NY: Prentice Hall.

Szulanski, G. (1996). .“Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of the best practice within the firm.”, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 27-43.

Tampoe, M. (1993). .“Motivating knowledge workers: The challenge for the 1990s.”, Long Range Planning, 26(3): 49-55.

Teece, D. J. (1986), “Profiting from technology innovation: Implication for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy.” Research Policy, 15(6): 285-305.

Tersine, R. J. and Hummingbird, E. A.(1995), .“Lead-time reduction: the search for competitive advantage.” International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 15(2): 8-18.

Tua, H. H. (2000). .“Difficulties in diffusion of tacit knowledge in organizations.”, Journal of Intellectual Captial, 1(4): 357-365.

Tua, H. H. (2000). “Difficulties in diffusion of tacit knowledge in organizations.” Journal of Intellectual Captial, 1(4): 357-365.

Venkatraman and Ramanujam (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approach,.” Academy of Management Review, 11(4): 801-814.

Vyas, N. M.., Shelburn, W. L. and Rogers, D. C. (1995), “An analysis of strategic alliances: forms, functions and framework .“ Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 10(3):47-60.

Wijnhoven, F. (1999), “Knowledge logistic in business contexts: analyzing and diagnosing knowledge sharing by logistic
concepts”,Knowledge and Process Management,5:143

Zander, U. & Kogut, B. (1995). .“Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organization capabilities: An empirical test.”,Organization Science, 6(1): 76-92.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top