Although the benefits of breast-milk and breastfeeding for children, mothers as well as society are clear and proved in previous researches, the percentage of mother breastfeeding their child is quite low and different in both countries, Taiwan and Vietnam. The objectives of this study are (1) to explore demographic factors, maternal attitude toward breastfeeding, subjective norm and breastfeeding behavior; (2) to identify major factors that influence and affect to breastfeeding behavior; (3) to explain the relationship among breastfeeding attitude, subjective norm and breastfeeding behavior. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlation design was used to conduct the study following the concepts of The Theory of Reason Action. The systematic randomized sampling was used to recruit the respondents among postpartum women with children under 6 months-old in community’s settings in Pingtung, Taiwan and Tuliem, Hanoi, Vietnam. 84 women in Vietnam and 58 mothers in Taiwan completed the self-reported questionnaire at the end of data collection time. The study results showed that the breastfeeding rate at data collection time in Vietnam was 97.6% and in Taiwan was at 50%. Majority of mothers in both Vietnam and Taiwan decided their feeding method prior delivery their children. At the specific child’s age, the breastfeeding practice rates were found to be statistically difference. The breastfeeding rate at birth (hospitalization), 1, 3 and 6 months old in Vietnam and Taiwan were 98.8% vs. 91.4%, 100% vs. 64.7%, 90% vs. 37.5%, and 94.7% vs. 40%, respectively. There were positive correlation between breastfeeding practice within 6 months postpartum and maternal attitude toward breastfeeding and subjective norm. In addition, age of child, time of weaning, delivery method, resident of participants, maternal attitude toward breastfeeding, and maternal perception toward laws and regulations of employment support breastfeeding have been identified as predictor of breastfeeding behavior. In conclusion, several key characteristics and variables affected to breastfeeding behavior within 6 months postpartum in both Vietnam and Taiwan. The employment characteristics were highly correlated with breastfeeding practice. The finding of this study suggested that it is wise for midwifes, nurses, physicians and other in providing and counseling the relevant information to postpartum mothers not only right after giving birth but also during several months after delivering the babies. In addition, the breastfeeding – friendly employment is needed in increasing the breastfeeding rate in both Vietnam and Taiwan. And further researches were recommended.

Although the benefits of breast-milk and breastfeeding for children, mothers as well as society are clear and proved in previous researches, the percentage of mother breastfeeding their child is quite low and different in both countries, Taiwan and Vietnam. The objectives of this study are (1) to explore demographic factors, maternal attitude toward breastfeeding, subjective norm and breastfeeding behavior; (2) to identify major factors that influence and affect to breastfeeding behavior; (3) to explain the relationship among breastfeeding attitude, subjective norm and breastfeeding behavior. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlation design was used to conduct the study following the concepts of The Theory of Reason Action. The systematic randomized sampling was used to recruit the respondents among postpartum women with children under 6 months-old in community’s settings in Pingtung, Taiwan and Tuliem, Hanoi, Vietnam. 84 women in Vietnam and 58 mothers in Taiwan completed the self-reported questionnaire at the end of data collection time. The study results showed that the breastfeeding rate at data collection time in Vietnam was 97.6% and in Taiwan was at 50%. Majority of mothers in both Vietnam and Taiwan decided their feeding method prior delivery their children. At the specific child’s age, the breastfeeding practice rates were found to be statistically difference. The breastfeeding rate at birth (hospitalization), 1, 3 and 6 months old in Vietnam and Taiwan were 98.8% vs. 91.4%, 100% vs. 64.7%, 90% vs. 37.5%, and 94.7% vs. 40%, respectively. There were positive correlation between breastfeeding practice within 6 months postpartum and maternal attitude toward breastfeeding and subjective norm. In addition, age of child, time of weaning, delivery method, resident of participants, maternal attitude toward breastfeeding, and maternal perception toward laws and regulations of employment support breastfeeding have been identified as predictor of breastfeeding behavior. In conclusion, several key characteristics and variables affected to breastfeeding behavior within 6 months postpartum in both Vietnam and Taiwan. The employment characteristics were highly correlated with breastfeeding practice. The finding of this study suggested that it is wise for midwifes, nurses, physicians and other in providing and counseling the relevant information to postpartum mothers not only right after giving birth but also during several months after delivering the babies. In addition, the breastfeeding – friendly employment is needed in increasing the breastfeeding rate in both Vietnam and Taiwan. And further researches were recommended.

Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………. ii
Dedication……………………………………………………………………….. iii
Contents…………………………………………………………………………. iv
List of Tables……………………………………………………………….......... vii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………… viii
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………. 1 – 5
Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 1
Significance……………………………………………………………………… 4
2. REVIEW THE LITERATURE………………………………………………... 6 – 36
2.1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2. Demographic factors………………………………………………………….. 6
2.3. Subjective norm………………………………………………………………. 22
2.4. Attitude toward breastfeeding………………………………………………… 31
2.5. Theoretical framework……………………………………………………….. 34
3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK……………………………………………… 37 - 40
3.1. Research Objectives………………………………………………………… 37
3.2. Research Questions…………………………………………………………. 38
3.3. Definition of relevant terms………………………………………………… 39
4. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………… 41 - 53
4.1. Research design…………………………………………………………….. 41
4.2. Population and setting………………………………………………………. 41
4.3. Study sampling……………………………………………………………… 43
4.4. Research instrument………………………………………………………… 44
4.5. Reliability and Validity…………………………………………………… 46
4.6. Procedure…………………………………………………… 49
4.7. Data analysis………………………………………………………………… 51
4.8. Ethical consideration………………………………………………………… 52
5: FINDING………………………………………………………………………… 54 - 93
5.1. Descriptive profile
5.1.1 Age of participants…………………………………………… 54
5.1.2 Marital status………………………………………………… 55
5.1.3 Maternal nationality………………………………………… 55
5.1.4 Religion……………………………………………………… 56
5.1.5 Education level……………………………………………… 57
5.1.6 Maternal occupation………………………………………… 57
5.1.7 Maternal employment………………………………………… 58
5.1.8 The profile of participants’ husband………………………… 60
5.1.9 Relationship with husbands………………………………… 60
5.1.10 Maternal health status……………………………………… 61
5.1.11 Living arrangement…………………………………………… 62
5.1.12 Mother/ Child characteristics………………………………… 63
5.1.13 Information related to delivery setting………………………… 64
Summary…………………………………………………… 65
5.2. Descriptive statistics and Test of difference
5.2.1 Breastfeeding characteristics………………………………… 66
5.2.2 Breastfeeding attitude………………………………………… 69
5.2.3 Maternal perception toward social, cultural and environmental support breastfeeding………………………………………… 71
5.2.4 Maternal perception toward laws and regulations of employment support breastfeeding………………………………………… 74
5.2.5 Maternal perception toward breastfeeding information support……………………………………………………… 75
5.2.6 Maternal perception toward breastfeeding maintain and encouragement………………………………………………… 78
5.2.7 Family and partner support…………………………………… 80
5.2.8 The relationship among variables……………………………… 80
5.3. Multiple analysis to predict breastfeeding mother
5.3.1 The model of predicting who breastfeed their baby for the sample in Vietnam. …………………………………………………… 82
5.3.2 The model of predicting who breastfeed their baby for the sample in Taiwan……………………………………………………… 83
5.3.3 The model of predicting who breastfeed their baby for the whole study, including variable of resident of participant………… 84
5.3.4 The model of predicting who breastfeed their baby for the whole study, regardless to variable of resident of participant……… 86
5.4. Other findings……………………………………………………………… 88
6. DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION…………………………………………… 94 - 102
6.1. Breastfeeding behavior
6.1.1 Breastfeeding initiation………………………………………… 94
6.1.2 Breastfeeding practice at data collection time………………… 95
6.2. Predicting mother who breastfeed the child
6.2.1 The age of the child…………………………………………… 96
6.2.2 Delivery method……………………………………………… 97
6.2.3 Initiation of breastfeeding (First breastfeeding)……………… 97
6.2.4 Resident of participants………………………………………… 98
6.2.5 Time of weaning……………………………………………… 99
6.2.6 Maternal attitude toward breastfeeding………………………… 99
6.2.7 Maternal perception toward laws and regulations of employment support breastfeeding………………………………………… 100
6.3. Other findings
6.3.1 The foods and activities avoidance…………………………… 101
6.3.2 Main reasons of discontinuing breastfeeding baby …………… 102
Limitation……………………………………………………………………………… 103
Implication …………………………………………………………………………… 103
Recommendation for further research ……………………………………………… 104
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 104
Reference ……………………………………………………………………………… 105
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………… 116

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