本研究主要為探討不同腐熟度堆肥對製成熱裂解碳的影響性質評估，實驗先以熱重分析儀(TGA)來分析樣品的熱穩定性，再依熱重分析資料來決定在管狀高溫爐熱裂解的溫度。所製成的熱裂解碳利用比表面積分析儀(BET)來測定熱裂解碳的孔徑、以元素分析(EA)分析熱裂解碳中的碳、氫、氮、硫，再扣除灰份含量以計算氧元素的含量、並利用不同的吸附質像是碘、酚與萘已進行吸附實驗等方法，以評估不同熱裂解碳對於污染物的吸附特性。
實驗結果發現，堆肥由於含有較高的無機成份，因而通常都較起始的農業廢棄物有較高的熱穩定性。利用N2-BET方法評估熱裂解產物的比表面積，雖然數據顯示，不同腐熟度堆肥熱裂解炭的比表面積相差不大，但在室溫下進行碘、酚、萘的吸附實驗，實驗發現碘吸附值的是對應著比表面積，而由原料製成的熱裂解產物，對酚的吸附能力較高，可能是由於其含碳量較高所致。相反的對堆肥過後所製成的熱裂解碳，則對萘有較高的吸附能力主要是由於它們的疏水性所致，而堆肥有較高的熱穩定性與微孔結構，而堆肥的單價較活性碳便宜許多，所以利用堆肥以製備活性碳，將是一種具有商業上發展潛力，將廢棄物資源化的有效方法。

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of compost maturity on the quality of carbon chars. The experiments were first conducted by using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to study the thermal stability of different compost samples, and then using the TGA data to determent the pyrolyzed temperature in a tubular furnace. The pyrolyzed chars were analyzed using surface analyzer to obtain their pore structure, and using element analyzer and ash content to determine their chemical composition. Finally, the sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption characteristics of compost chars for different adsorbates, such as iodine, phenol and naphthalene.
The experimental results showed that composted samples had greater thermal stability than their corresponding parent materials, mainly due to their greater inorganic content. The surface area analysis and iodine adsorption data suggested the surface areas of three chars with different maturity do not differ much. However, the char manufactured from raw material had greater sorption capacity for phenol, mainly due to its higher carbon content. In contrast, the carbon chars produced from composted samples had greater sorption capacity for naphthalene, resulting from their drophobicity. Because the price of activated carbon was much greater than that of compost, it is economically potential to made activated carbon from compost.

中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 1
第二章 理論說明與文獻回顧 3
2-1 堆肥化原理與條件 3
2-2 堆肥化過程及變化 3
2-3 堆肥之腐熟指標 5
2-4 活性碳特性 6
2-4-1 成分 6
2-4-2 比表面積 6
2-4-3 孔隙結構 7
2-4-4 官能基 8
2-5活性碳製造之影響因素 10
2-5-1 惰性氣體反應環境 11
2-5-2 升溫速率與最終持續溫度 11
2-5-3 樣品粒徑大小 12
2-6 碳化 13
2-7 物理活化 14
2-8 化學性活化 16
2-9 活性碳之種類 17
2-9-1 粉末狀活性碳 17
2-9-2 粒狀活性碳 17
2-9-3 纖維狀活性碳 18
2-9-4 含浸活性碳 18
2-10 活性碳之應用 18
2-10-1 液相吸附 19
2-10-2 氣相吸附 19
2-10-3 其他用途 19
2-11 吸附理論說明 19
2-11-1 吸附現象 19
2-11-2 氣體吸附反應過程 21
2-11-3 等溫吸附曲線 22
2-11-4 吸附遲滯環形式 23
2-11-5 吸附模式 25
2-12紅外光譜分析 28
第三章 研究內容和方法 29
3-1研究內容 29
3-2研究架構 29
3-3實驗藥品 32
3-4實驗設備 32
3-5實驗方法 33
3-6儀器原理說明 34
3-6-1.TGA 熱重分析儀 34
3-6-2.BET 比表面積分析儀測定 34
3-6-3.EA元素分析儀 35
3-6-4.FTIR傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 35
3-6-5.HPLC高壓液相層析儀 36
第四章 結果與討論 40
4-1 熱重分析 40
4-2元素分析 43
4-3 比表面積分析 44
4-4 FTIR官能基分析 48
4-5碘值吸附 51
4-6酚吸附 52
4-7萘吸附 52
第五章結論與建議 54
參考文獻 56
附錄1孔徑分析 60
附錄2吸附面積(PSD) 63
附錄3脫附面積(PSD) 66
附錄4(FTIR)分析 68
圖目錄
圖2-1 石墨化活性碳之結構 7
圖2-2 非石墨化活性碳之結構 7
圖2-3 碳表面之含氧官能基與σ電子 8
圖2-4 活性碳表面可能的酸性含氧官能基 9
圖 2-5 活性碳表面可能的鹼性含氧官能基 9
圖2-6 高分子物質於碳化過程中分子結構之變化 14
圖2-7. 等溫吸附曲線之六種型態 22
圖2-8 四種遲滯迴路示意圖 24
圖3-1蔗渣堆肥製造流程 30
圖3-2實驗流程與架構 31
圖3-3可旋轉式管狀高溫爐 37
圖3-4 Thermogravimetric Analyses TGA/SDTA851e 37
圖3-5 Pore size and surface area analysis ASAP2010 38
圖3-6 Elemental Analyzer 2400 38
圖3-7 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 39
圖3-8高壓液相分析儀 39
圖4-1堆肥熱穩定分析 40
圖4-2蔗渣不同腐熟熱重分析 42
圖4-3蔗渣不同腐熟熱重分析(DTG) 42
圖4-7孔徑分析 46
圖4-8蔗渣六個月(PSD) 47
圖4-9蔗渣原料 (PSD) 47
圖4-10FTIR圖譜(木質素) 48
圖:4-11 FTIR圖譜(蔗渣) 50
圖:4-12 FTIR圖譜(碳化) 50
圖:4-13等溫吸附曲線（酚） 53
圖:4-14等溫吸附曲線（萘） 53
表目錄
表4-1熱重分析產率 43
表4-2 熱裂解產率 43
表4-3 元素分析參數 44
表4-4 比表面積分析BET 45
表4-5熱裂解碳孔隙結構參數 48
表4-6 碘值分析 52
表4-7 堆肥熱裂解碳吸附酚及萘之等溫平衡三種等溫平衡式解析 54

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