臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究是國內第一個以「警政負面新聞」為主題的研究，希望藉由第三人效果的認知假設，探討警政負面新聞的影響。除了探討警察人員對警政負面新聞是否存在所謂的第三人效果之外；並分別從人口變項、議題涉入感、社會距離、職業認同感等變項，探究對警政負面新聞的認知影響，同時也進一步就行為層面上的關係加以剖析。

本研究以服務於全國二十三縣市警察局之現職警察為目標，採用問卷調查法為主，回收並取得八百四十六份有效問卷。資料分析顯示，警政負面新聞對警察人員產生第一人和第三人的效果，受訪警察認為警政負面新聞對於自己的影響大於一般警察，即呈現了所謂的第一人效果；同時又普遍認為警政負面新聞對於一般民眾會產生更大的負面影響，呈現非常明顯的第三人效果。就社會距離而言，警政負面新聞對於一般警察和一般民眾的影響，會隨著與受訪者之間的距離增加而增加。這種社會距離的形成，肇因於不同團體之間的異質性和不確定感。

對於警政議題涉入感方面，研究證實受訪者對警政新聞議題涉入愈高者，普遍認為對自己、一般警察、一般民眾愈會造成負面影響。本研究同時發現警察的職業認同感維持在中度以上，結果顯示職業認同感可以正面預測「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」三者，即警察的職業認同感愈高，愈傾向認為警政負面新聞的負面影響愈大。受訪者認為警政負面新聞的影響愈大，愈傾向支持媒介限制行動。總的來說，警政負面新聞「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」等變項，均是預測支持警政機關採取媒介限制行為的顯著變項。

This thesis is the first study in Taiwan focusing on “negative police news”, attempting to apply the third person effect theory to study the possible impact of negative news coverage of police. This research furthermore investigates several variables, including demographic variables, issue involvement, social distance, and professional identification, and their influence on the perception of negative police news. A relationship of exposure of negative news and support of media regulation is analyzed at the same time.

A survey of 846 incumbent officers from twenty-three metropolitan police agencies in Taiwan was conducted. Results show that negative news coverage of police has both first and third person effects on police officers. Officers consider that effects of negative police news have stronger impact on themselves than on other officers. They generally consider that negative police news has more negative influence on the general public. From a viewpoint of social distance, an attitude formed through heterogeneity and uncertainty among different social groups, this study found that effects of exposure to negative police news upon perception of the effect on other officers were more limited than on the general public.

From the aspect of issue involvement, the more the officers were involved in negative news issues, the more they consider negative police news has negative effects upon themselves, other officers and the general public. This study also concluded that the higher the professional identification a police officer held, the more she/he tended to consider that negative police news had a stronger impact. We also found that there was a tendency that police officers were more likely to support media regulation. Effects upon oneself, effects upon other police officers, and effects upon the general public of negative news coverage of police, were all variables significantly predicting the support of media regulation.

謝辭………………………………………………………………………………i
摘要………………………………………………………………………………iii
目錄………………………………………………………………………………v
表次………………………………………………………………………………vi
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機與目的與.................................. 4
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………9
第一節 第三人效果之起源……………………………………………………9
第二節 第三人效果之原因……………………………………………………11
第三節 第三人效果之研究……………………………………………………13
第四節 影響第三人效果之因素………………………………………………17
第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………………29
第一節 抽樣方法與問卷………………………………………………………29
第二節 研究變項………………………………………………………………29
第三節 前測與信度、效度檢測………………………………………………36
第四節 正式訪問………………………………………………………………41
第四章 研究結果………………………………………………………………43
第一節 樣本結構………………………………………………………………43
第二節 樣本分析………………………………………………………………45
第三節 資料分析………………………………………………………………47
第四節 假設驗證………………………………………………………………58
第五章 研究結論………………………………………………………………77
第一節 研究結果與建議………………………………………………………77
第二節 研究貢獻………………………………………………………………86
第三節 研究限制與建議………………………………………………………88
參考書目……………………………………………………………………………91
附錄：問卷題目…………………………………………………………………101

一、 中文部分
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張依雯（1999）。〈三立頻道家族之經營策略初探：一個收視意義解讀取向的分析〉，《新聞學研究》，第61期，P179-222。
翁萃芳（2003）。〈警察人員工作價值觀－一個初步調查〉，《警學叢刊》第33卷，第4期，P107-138。
許淑華（2004）。《2004年台灣總統大選槍擊事件傳播第三人效應之實證研究》。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
陳明珠（2002年6月）。〈媒體再現與認同政治〉，「中華傳播學會年會與論文發表」，台北縣深坑。
陳瑞南（2003）。《警界需要一個李國鼎》。台北：警光雜誌社出版。
國策院（2006年４月２日）。〈8成民眾不滿治安現狀〉，《蘋果日報》，頁A4。
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蔡炯青、黃偉俐（2001年7月）。〈核四的民意看過來：對「多數意見無知」與「穿衣鏡式認知」之比較分析〉，「中華傳播學會年會2001香港年會」，香港。
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羅文輝（2000）。〈媒介負面內容與社會距離對第三人效果認知的影響〉，《新聞學研究》，第65期，P95-129。
羅文輝、牛隆光（2002年6月）。〈自尊、第三人效果與支持限制媒介〉，「中華傳播學會年會與論文發表」，台北縣深坑。
羅文輝、牛隆光（2003）。〈自尊、第三人效果與對限制媒介支持度的關連性研究〉，《新聞學研究》，第75期，P141-167。
警政署（2001）。《風紀教育手冊（四）》。台北：內政部警政署。
警政署（2006）。【警政署擴大署務會報會議資料】。未出版之會議參考資料。
警政署（2004）。【全國各警察機關新聞處理原則】。未出版之公文資料。
警政署（2003）。【研商「警察機關女性員警招生問題」會議資料】。未出版之會議參考資料。


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