臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在影片處理中，不管是物體的切割與檢索、全場景的應用，甚至內容式的影片檢索與擷取等，都與攝影機運動參數估測息息相關。在這些應用中，解壓縮與攝影機運動參數估測所耗費的時間與資源都相當大。因此，如果能夠善於利用壓縮資訊來估測攝影機運動參數的話，將可以增加處理的效率。
在這篇論文中，我們解決了兩個利用運動向量來估測攝影機運動的問題，一個是畫面群之間連結的問題，透過B畫面的往前與往後參考，來連結不同畫面群的P與I畫面。另外，由於運動向量的不確定性，使得攝影機運動參數估測誤差變大。我們提出一個二次估測的方法來將例外情況排除，並且得到不錯的結果。最後，我們建立一個全場景圖系統，將攝影機運動參數應用在全場景圖上。

Camera motion estimation is very important from a video processing view. Video application, including object segmentation and tracking, mosaic and content-based video indexing and retrieval, based on the video content should represent motion efficiently. Since, to decode MPEG video and estimate camera motion is extremely time-consuming. To obtain efficient estimates of camera motion by directly processing data easily obtained from MPEG-compressed video becomes more important.
In this thesis, two main concerns of camera motion estimation from motion vector are addressed. Firstly, we introduce the connection from a GOP to next GOP by B-frame bidirectional reference. Secondly, we propose a 2-pass camera motion estimation to cope with outliers caused by the uncertainty of motion vectors directly from MPEG video format. Experiment results show that the 2-pass camera motion estimation method is reliable. Finally, we have developed a mosaic system by applying the proposed method.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 背景知識探討 4
2.1 MPEG-1架構 5
2.2 色彩空間轉換 6
2.3 畫面重新編排(Frame Re-order) 6
2.4 畫面內編碼(Intra-Coding) 8
2.5 運動估測(Motion Estimation) 8
2.5 MPEG串流之結構 10
第三章 攝影機運動、模型與估測 12
3.1 攝影機運動 12
3.2 攝影機通用運動模型 13
3.3 攝影機簡化運動模型 14
3.4 攝影機2D簡化模型 17
3.5 攝影機參數估測 19
第四章 MPEG領域的攝影機參數估測 26
4.1 利用運動向量來估測攝影機參數 26
4.2 GOP間的連結 29
4.3 例外情況(Outlier)的處理 32
4.4 攝影機參數估測之評估 34
第五章 系統實作與實驗結果 36
5.1 系統環境及操作介面 36
5.2 測試影片 38
5.3 實驗結果 39
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 46
6.1 結論 46
6.2 未來研究方向 46
參考文獻 49
自述 51

1.賴建明、王明習, “以物體運動為基礎之影片檢索與擷取”, 影像與識別, Vol. 8, No. 1, March, 2002, pp.45-54

2.MPEG ORG, http://www.mpeg.org/

3.ISO 11172, “Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio – for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5Mbit/s.”

4.S. Jeannin, R. Jasinschi and B. Mory et al., “Motion Descriptors for Content-based Video Representation,” Signal Processing: Image Communication Journal, 16(1,2), pp.59-85, 2000.

5.M. V. Srinivasan, S. Venkatesh and R. Hosie, “Qualitative Estimation of Camera Motion Parameters from Video Sequences,” Pattern Reconition, 30(4), pp.593-606, 1997.

6.J.-I. Park, N. Yagi, K. Enami, K. Aizawa, M. Hatori, “Estimation of Camera Parameters for Image Sequence for model-based Video Coding”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 4(3), pp.288-296, 1994.

7.P. Salembier and T. Sikora, Introduction to MPEG-7, John Wiley & Sons, 2002

8.Y. P. Tan, S. R. Kulkarni, P. J. Ramadge, ”A New Method for Camera Motion Parameter Estimation”, In Proc International Conference on Image Processing, pp.406∼409, 1995.

9.W. H. Press et.al., Numerical Receipt in C, 2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.


10.R. Wang, T. Huang, “Fast Camera Motion Analysis in MPEG Domain”, ICIP, pp. 691-694, 1999.

11.E.-T. Kim, “Robust 3-D Camera Motion Parameter Estimation with Application to Video Coding”, ICASSP, pp. 14-19, 2006.

12.W. J. Gillespie and D. T. Nguyen, “Robust Estimation of Camera Motion in MPEG Domain”, TENCON, pp. 395-398, 2004.