臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今環境變化快速，在及時生產系統風潮下，廠商大多期望使用最少的原物料、在製品及完成品之庫存，以降低成本。而且市場漸漸以買方為主，除了要求賣方產品品質、產品即時交付、提升顧客滿意度等等，賣方還得考量到自身的生產成本，而這些問題皆成為每個企業所面臨到困境。在預防保養的概念普及下，爲防止系統產生失效、減緩元件老化的速度或使設備回復至較新的狀態，延長元件壽命，透過經濟方面的考量，來衡量在最適當的時間執行預防保養活動。當生產系統出現非預期的失效或預期的維修活動，而影響系統供應速率時，針對系統停頓所產生之需求，提供一定量存貨，以應付系統停頓期間。本研究便是針對兩製程的可修復系統的經濟製造批量模式(EMQ)，讓製造商在生產規劃階段時，衡量生產批次間整備的相關問題，而隨著預防保養活動的影響會，製造商的生產規劃便會延伸許多不一樣的情境。因此在上游生產系統預防保養期間，下游裝配系統依其生產條件的考量下，本研究估計預期元件失效的維修成本。由維修成本、存貨持有成本及缺貨成本考量，透過單位時間期望成本最小化，透過雙方拉扯的過程中，來建構預防保養週期時間與緩衝存貨的決策問題。使決策者有效制定最適緩衝存貨數量。最後再透過實證應用分析發現存貨持有成本影響本研究建構之模式最深，且下游生產率與重置時間也具有相當影響力。
最後透過討論本研究模式深入探討生產系統的最適緩衝存貨數量與預防保養週期的結果，讓未來更可以根據可修復退化的系統或是多機台多製程的考量，以提供管理者在進行預防保養規劃時，能更接近現實狀況的考量。

In the JIT philosophy, the manufacturer should seriousing determine the production lot to reduce costs in uncertain environment by considering the quality of the products, on time delivery, and customer satisfaction improvement etc. These aspects all become the essential issues that each enterprise has to face. Preventive maintenance actions need to be undertaken for the failure mitigation. During each interruption, a buffer is needed so that normal operations will not be interrupted. The optimal buffer level is determined by trading off the holding cost and the shortage cost. A system with two subsystem is considered where the production subsystem and buffers are included in order to provide to the assemble subsystem which has a set-up procedure. This study uses the economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) model to determine the proper production lot size by minimizing the cost components which involve the production cost, the inventory holding cost, and the shortage cost if the stockout happenes. The model can assist the decision maker to determine the optimal buffer size and the preventive maintenance cycle. The numerical application suggests that the holding cost is
the most important factor which influence the optimal policy.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致 謝 III
目 錄 VI
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節、研究背景 1
第二節、研究動機 2
第三節、研究目的 3
第四節、研究步驟 4
第五節、論文架構 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節、緩衝存貨 7
ㄧ、緩衝存貨的重要性 7
二、緩衝存貨的權衡 8
第二節、預防保養 10
ㄧ、預防保養與生產力 10
二、預防保養與緩衝存貨的關係 13
第三節、緩衝存貨生產批量問題 15
第三章 可修復退化系統預防保養之緩衝存貨模式 18
第一節、問題描述 18
第二節、研究架構 21
第三節、可維修退化系統預防保養緩衝存貨模式之建立 22
一、可修復退化系統預防保養緩衝存貨模式推導流程 23
二、可修復退化系統預防保養緩衝存貨模式 24
三、目標函數推導 51
第四章 應用分析 53
第一節、實例說明與參數設定 53
第二節、結果與分析 55
第三節、敏感度分析 55
一、相關成本參數分析 56
二、時間因子參數分析 59
三、生產參數分析 64
第四節、討論 67
第五章 結論 69
第一節、研究成果 69
第二節、研究限制 70
第三節、未來研究方向 70
參考文獻 72

表目錄
表3.1 圖形說明表 26
表4.1 相關參數數值設定 54
表4.2 相關成本參數敏感度分析表 57
表4.3 時間參數敏感度分析 60
表4.4 生產參數敏感度分析表 65
表4.5 敏感度分析表 68

圖目錄
圖1.1 研究流程圖 5
圖2.1 維修政策與影響因子 12
圖3.1 總生產系統架構圖 3
圖3.2 求解流程圖 24
圖3.3 失效之前發生重置，m之前維修完成，有缺貨 27
圖3.4 失效之前發生重置，m之後維修完成，有缺貨 29
圖3.5 失效之後發生重置，m之前維修完成，有缺貨 30
圖3.6 失效之後發生重置，m之後維修完成，有缺貨 32
圖3.7 失效維修完成後發生重置，m之前維修完成，有缺貨 33
圖3.8 失效維修完成前到完成後期間發生重置，m之前維修完成，有缺貨 35
圖3.9 失效發生後，m之後維修完成，有缺貨 37
圖3.10 重置期間發生失效，m之前維修完成，有缺貨 38
圖3.11 重置期間發生失效，m之後維修完成，有缺貨 40
圖3.12 失效之前發生重置，無缺貨 41
圖3.13 失效之後發生重置，無缺貨 43
圖3.14 失效維修完成後發生重置，無缺貨 44
圖3.15 失效維修完成前到完成後期間發生重置，無缺貨 46
圖3.16 重置期間發生失效，無缺貨 47
圖3.17 預防保養前開始重置 49
圖4.1 vs.預防保養週期m 58
圖4.2 vs.緩衝存貨s 58
圖4.3 vs.期望單位時間總成本ETC 58
圖4.4 上游機器壽命時間因子μ與維修因子λvs.預防保養週期m 61
圖4.5 上游機器壽命時間因子μ與維修因子λvs緩衝存貨s 61
圖4.6 上游機器壽命時間因子μ與維修因子λvs期望單位時間總成本ETC 61
圖4.7預防保養時間M與重置時間y vs.預防保養週期m 63
圖4.8預防保養時間M與重置時間y vs緩衝存貨s 63
圖4.9預防保養時間M與重置時間y vs期望單位時間總成本ETC 63
圖4.10上游生產率 與下游生產率 vs預防保養週期m 65
圖4.11上游生產率 與下游生產率 vs緩衝存貨s 65
圖4.12上游生產率 與下游生產率 vs期望單位時間總成本ETC 66

一、中文部分

陳耀茂，民89，「機率過程導論」，五南，臺北市

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