臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要是要探討地下水位受降雨影響所產生的變化。文中說明地下水位對降雨之快速反應現象以及建立地下水位增量與有效累積雨量之經驗關係式，期望經由此二種不同類型之降雨所引致之地下水位變動之的探討，能夠更加了解地下水位變動之行為。

本論文先將地下水位增量與降雨量資料利用時間數列分析法進行二個時間數列資料之自我相關、交叉相關與相關分析，以此說明地下水位變化與降雨之相關性。分析結果顯示，除了少部份資料屬於無定向型過程之時間數列資料之外，那菝、六甲與東和地下水位站的地下水時水位增量與時雨量之時間數列資料大部分都是穩定型過程之時間數列資料。依據交叉相關分析與相關分析之結果可知，地下水位增量與降雨量之間確實存有相關性，可做為後續分析之基礎。

再者，研究發現地下水位受到降雨之影響在實際觀測上會有快慢反應之分。快速反應的影響時距在幾分鐘到幾小時之內，慢速反應的部分則會花費幾天或數週的時間。對於立即性的降雨反應，本論文嘗試引用基流分離方法將地下水位對降雨之快速反應予以分離，之後再進行線性系統分析，以尋求地下水位對降雨之快速反應量與降雨量二者間之單位轉換函數，爾後便可用此單位轉換函數來推估因降雨所產生的地下水位快速反應量。另外，對於較長期之降雨影響，本論文針對地下水井鄰近雨量站之降雨資料進行地下水位增量和累積雨量之相關性分析，最後建立地下水位增量和有效累積雨量之經驗關係式，以便用有效累積雨量來推估地下水位增量。依據驗證的結果，本論文所提之單位轉換函數與經驗關係式都對地下水位變動有良好之模擬情況，可提供做為預測地下水位變動之參考。

This study aims to deliberate the rainfall-induced groundwater level variation. There are two main topics in this study. One is to examine the quick response of groundwater level to rainfall, and another is to investigate the relationship between the groundwater level increment and the effective accumulated rainfall amount. By doing these two kinds of study, the behavior of groundwater level variations caused by rainfall would be expected to be clearer.

The time-series analysis methods, such as autocorrelation, crosscorrelation and correlation analysis, were applied to evaluate the groundwater level increments and the rainfall data and then to explore the relationship between groundwater level variation and rainfall. The analysis results show that majority of the time series of groundwater level increments and rainfall of the Naba, Liujar, and Donher well stations are the stationary time series data while minority of them are the non-stationary. According to the results of crosscorrleation and correlation analyses, the groundwater level increments are indeed related to the rainfall. This can be served as a basis concept for the follow-up research.

The dynamics governing the transformation of rainfall to groundwater level often cover a broad spectrum of response time scales that can be divided into relatively quick response that may last few minutes or hours, and slow response that may last few days or weeks. As to the quick response of groundwater level to rainfall, the technique of baseflow separation was first used to split the quick response from a residual groundwater hydrograph in the present study. The quick response of groundwater level to rainfall was treated as a linear, time-invariant system, and then described by a convolution of a rainfall function and a Kernel function. The discrete Kernel function can be empirically determined via a linear system analysis when the data of rainfall sequence and the corresponding quick responses of groundwater levels to rainfall are available. In other words, the quick response of groundwater level to rainfall can be simulated through the convolution technique when the Kernel function and the rainfall data are available. Furthermore, for the long-term influence of groundwater level due to rainfall, the groundwater level measurement data and the rainfall data were collected from several rain-gauge stations nearby the selected well station to analyze the relationship between the groundwater level increment and the effective accumulated rainfall amount. Then, a mathematical equation describing the relationship between the groundwater level increment and the effective accumulated rainfall amount was proposed in this study. The variations of groundwater level could be predicted by using the empirical equation once the groundwater level data and the rainfall data are given. According to the validation of our proposed model in this study, it is shown that the simulated rainfall-induced quick groundwater response is in a good agreement with the observed one, and the fine agreement between the actual and simulated results confirms the reliability of the mathematical equation in modeling rainfall-induced groundwater level variations from various effective accumulated rainfall amounts.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………… I
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………… II
目錄 ……………………………………………………………… IV
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………… VII
表目錄 …………………………………………………………… XIII
符號說明 ………………………………………………………… XVI

第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………… 1-1
1.1 前言 ……………………………………………………… 1-1
1.1.1 緣起 …………………………………………………… 1-1
1.1.2 地下水位與降雨之關係 ……………………………… 1-2
1.2 文獻回顧 .………………………………………………… 1-7
1.2.1 氣壓對地下水位之影響 ……………………………… 1-7
1.2.2 地潮對地下水位之影響 ……………………………… 1-8
1.2.3 降雨對地下水位之影響 ……………………………… 1-9
1.3 研究目的 ………………………………………………… 1-12
1.4 本文架構 ………………………………………………… 1-15

第二章 研究地點與研究方法 ………………………………… 2-1
2.1 研究地點 ………………………………………………… 2-1
2.1.1 那菝地下水位站 ……………………………………… 2-2
2.1.2 六甲地下水位站 ……………………………………… 2-5
2.1.3 東和地下水位站 ……………………………………… 2-9
2.2 研究方法 ………………………………………………… 2-13

第三章 地下水位變化與降雨之相關性 ……………………… 3-1
3.1 那菝地下水位站 ………………………………………… 3-8
3.2 六甲地下水位站 ………………………………………… 3-20
3.3 東和地下水位站 ………………………………………… 3-29
3.4 小結 ……………………………………………………… 3-45

第四章 地下水位對降雨之快速反應 ………………………… 4-1
4.1 地下水位站之降雨-地下水位關係 ……………………… 4-1
4.2 地下水位對降雨之快速反應分離模式 ………………… 4-5
4.3 快速反應分離模式之參數決定 ………………………… 4-9
4.4 地下水位對降雨之快速反應轉換函數 ………………… 4-23
4.4.1 離散型轉換函數 ……………………………………… 4-27
4.4.2 不同降雨時段之轉換函數 …………………………… 4-30
4.4.3 不同地下含水層分層之轉換函數 …………………… 4-33
4.4.4 不同地下水位站之轉換函數 ………………………… 4-44
4.4.5 連續型轉換函數 ……………………………………… 4-49
4.4.6 應用轉換函數推估地下水位對降雨之快速反應 …… 4-57
4.5 其他鄰近雨量站降雨資料與那菝站地下水位之關係 … 4-59

第五章 地下水位增量與有效累積雨量之經驗關係式 ……… 5-1
5.1 地下水位增量與累積雨量之關係 ……………………… 5-2
5.2 地下水位增量與有效累積雨量之關係 ………………… 5-6
5.3 其他鄰近雨量站降雨資料與東和站地下水位之關係 … 5-17
5.4 迴歸經驗係數與累積雨量之關係 ……………………… 5-25
5.5 應用經驗關係式推估地下水位變化 …………………… 5-27

第六章 結論與建議 …………………………………………… 6-1
6.1 結論 ……………………………………………………… 6-1
6.2 建議 ……………………………………………………… 6-5

參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 7-1
附錄A BAYTAP-G程式之簡介 ………………………………… 8-1
謝誌 ……………………………………………………………… 9-1
個人簡歷 ………………………………………………………… 10-1

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