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研究生:董國安
研究生(外文):Kuoan Tung
論文名稱:中國大陸西北地區中-南祁連地塊及南北鄰區地質年代、岩漿作用和親緣性之研究
論文名稱(外文):Geochronology, magmatism, and tectonic affinity of the Central-South Qilian Block and its neighboring areas in NW China
指導教授:楊懷仁楊懷仁引用關係楊宏儀楊宏儀引用關係
指導教授(外文):Huai-Ren YangHoung-Yi Yang
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:地球科學系碩博士班
學門:自然科學學門
學類:地球科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:154
中文關鍵詞:鈾-鉛年代學鋯石離子探針祁連地塊前寒武紀基底原特提斯
外文關鍵詞:Proto-TeyhysPrecambrian basementQilian BlockSHRIMPZirconU-Pb geochronology
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中-南祁連地塊是在中國大陸西北的一個地質構造單元,其與相鄰的華北、楊子和柴達木地塊的親緣關係,是解釋中亞地區在元古代地體演化的重要關鍵。為了解中-南祁連地塊及其鄰區地塊之間的相互關係,本研究分析中-南祁連地塊及南北鄰區(達肯大坂群及龍首山群)47件基盤岩標本之主要、微量元素及鍶、釹同位素,並挑選其中11件具代表性岩石標本,以SHRIMP方法測定岩石中所含鋯石顆粒的U-Pb年齡。
釹同位素及SHRIMP分析結果顯示中-南祁連地塊及南鄰區(達肯大坂群)兩地之基盤岩之副片麻岩碎屑鋯石年齡頻譜相似,廣泛分佈於元古代,少部分為太古代,而且在釹同位素模式年齡具有相同特徵,屬同一地塊。北鄰區(龍首山群)除二件標本(SD1-2A、SD1-5A)具較老的模式年齡外,大部分標本與中-南祁連地塊基盤岩的模式年齡相似,暗示龍首山群並不屬於華北地塊的一部分,而是中-南祁連地塊真正下部基底,而在加里東造山作用時推覆到阿拉善地塊。中-南祁連地塊及南北鄰區(達肯大坂群及龍首山群),三者在新元古代時屬同一地塊-泛“中-南祁連地塊”。
四件正片麻岩岩漿鋯石年代為930±8Ma、918±14Ma、895±34Ma和790±12Ma,分別代表兩次岩漿活動的年代,可與揚子地塊新元古代晉寧運動早晚兩期的岩漿活動對比。
本研究和前人的資料共同表明,中-南祁連地塊前寒武紀基底岩石的碎屑鋯石年代廣泛分佈在元古代,明顯與華北地塊在新–中元古代時為一穩定地台有所不同,而與揚子地塊前寒武紀基底岩石的年齡頻譜相似。再加上新元古代快速的大陸地殼的再造作用、地層學及古生物生態等五項證據,推論中-南祁連地塊並非由華北地塊裂解出來再拼貼回去,而是與揚子地塊有較強的親緣性,在新元古代時同屬岡瓦納大陸的一部分,大約在震旦紀末從岡瓦納大陸裂解出來,形成當時原特提斯大洋中的陸塊,並于早古生代時隨古祁連洋的閉合,與阿拉善地塊聚合形成北祁連褶皺帶。因此,認為古祁連洋其實就是原特提斯洋的一部分,北祁連蛇綠岩屬原特提斯蛇綠岩。此外,早古生代時祁連地塊發生明顯的大陸再活化作用,此作用與柴北緣大陸板塊的深俯衝作用有關。
The Central-South Qilian Block is a tectonic unit in NW China. It’s tectonic affinity to neighboring North China, Yangtze and Qaidam Blocks is a key for understanding tectonic evolution in central Asia during Proterozoic ages. To resolve the mutual relationship between the Central-South Qilian Block and its neighboring tectonic units, 47 samples representing the basements of this area were analyzed for their major and trace element abundances as well as Sr and Nd isotope ratios. In addition, zircon grains separated from 11 of these 47 samples were dated with U-Pb isotope systematics measured by SHRIMP.
The results indicated that the detrital zircon age spectrums for the Central-South Qilian Block and its southern adjacent area (Dakendaban Group) show a similar pattern, mostly distributed in Proterozoic era with a few Archean data. Such a distribution pattern is consistent with that of their Nd model ages. Samples from northern Longshoushan Group also have Nd model ages similar to that of the basement of the Central-South Qilian Block except for two older ages. It is therefore inferred that the Longshoushan Group was not a part of the North China Block but the lower part of the Central-South Qilian basement, which was thrust onto the Alaxa block during Caledonian orogeny. Consequently, the Central-South Qilian Block and its adjacent Dakendaban Group on the south and Longshoushan Group on the north belonged to a “Pan central-south Qilian block”.
Zircon grains from four orthogneisses were dated 930±8 Ma, 918±14 Ma, 895±34 Ma and 790±12 Ma. These ages represent two periods of magmatism, which can be correlated with the early and late stages of magmatism associated with the Jinninggian movement on the Yangtze Block during the late-Ptoterozoic time.
Consistent with previous studies, our data also showed that the ages of detrital zircon from the Central-South Qilian Block were mainly Proterozoic. Such a distribution pattern is similar to that of Yangtze Block but distinct from that of North China Block, a stable tectonic unit without magmatic activities during late-Middle Proterozoic era. Therefore, it is suggested that the Central-South Qilian Block had a strong Yangtze affinity and might belong to the Gondwana continent in the late Proterozoic time. This inference is supported by the rapid continental reworking in the Neoproterozoic era as well as stratigraphic and paleontological evidence. It is further proposed that the Central-South Qilian Block was split from the Gondwana continent during late Sinian becoming an isolated continent in the Proto-Tethyan Ocean. With the closure of the Paleo-Qilian Ocean in the early Paleozoic period, it collided with the Alaxa Block to form the North Qilian Orogenic Belt. Thus, it is considered that the Paleo-Qilian Ocean was a part of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean during late-Sinian to early Paleozoic time and the ophiolites occur on the North Qilian Orogenic Belt represent the obducted Proto-Tethyan Ocean. Finally, continental reactivation on the Central-South Qilian Block during Early Paleozoic time is contemporary with the northward subduction of the Qaidam Block, implying a possible link between these two events.
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 前人研究 3
1.3 研究動機與目的 4
第二章 研究區域與地質背景 6
2.1 中-南祁連地塊區域地質 7
2.2 阿拉善地塊南緣-龍首山群區域地質 10
2.3 柴達木地塊北緣-達肯大阪群區域地質 14
第三章 研究方法 16
3.1 野外調查及岩石標本採集 16
3.2 分析樣本的描述及岩象觀察 16
3.3 全岩地球化學分析 29
3.3.1 X光螢光(XRF)分析 29
3.3.2 感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)分析 29
3.4 鍶、釹同位素分析 30
3.5 高分辨率二次離子探針質譜儀(SHRIMP)分析 34
3.5.1 U Th-Pb 定年基本原理 34
3.5.2 SHRIMP實驗方法 36
第四章 全岩地球化學研究結果與討論 38
4.1 主要元素及原岩恢復 38
4.2 微量元素之分析結果 53
4.3 討論與小結 64
第五章 Sr-Nd同位素測定結果及討論 67
5.1 中-南祁連地塊 68
5.2 阿拉善地塊南緣基盤岩-龍首山群 73
5.3 柴達木地塊北緣基盤岩-達肯大坂群 77
5.4討論與小結 80
5.4.1 中-南祁連地塊 80
5.4.2 阿拉善地塊南緣-龍首山群 83
5.4.3 柴達木地塊北緣-達肯大坂群 85
第六章 鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年代測定結果及討論 87
6.1 中-南祁連地塊之鋯石標本特徵與U-Pb年齡 87
6.2 阿拉善地塊南緣基盤岩-龍首山群之鋯石標本特徵與U-Pb年齡 97
6.3 柴達木地塊北緣基盤岩-達肯大坂群之鋯石標本特徵與U-Pb年齡 102
6.4 由SHRIMP U-Pb年齡推測沉積年代 106
6.4.1中-南祁連地塊基盤岩形成年代 106
6.4.2阿拉善地塊南緣-龍首山岩群形成年代 110
6.4.3柴達木地塊北緣-達肯大坂群形成年代 110
第七章 綜合討論 112
7.1中-南祁連地塊及南北鄰區之相互關係 112
7.1.1 中-南祁連地塊與北鄰區之關係 112
7.1.2 中-南祁連地塊與南鄰區之關係 113
7.2 泛“中-南祁連地塊”的歸屬與親緣性 118
7.3中-南祁連地塊的演化 124
第八章 結論 127
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